Destoumieux-Garzón Delphine, Mavingui Patrick, Boetsch Gilles, Boissier Jérôme, Darriet Frédéric, Duboz Priscilla, Fritsch Clémentine, Giraudoux Patrick, Le Roux Frédérique, Morand Serge, Paillard Christine, Pontier Dominique, Sueur Cédric, Voituron Yann
CNRS, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), UMR5244, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Université de Montpellier, Ifremer, Montpellier, France.
Université de La Reunion, UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical), INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France.
Front Vet Sci. 2018 Feb 12;5:14. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00014. eCollection 2018.
Over the past decade, a significant increase in the circulation of infectious agents was observed. With the spread and emergence of epizootics, zoonoses, and epidemics, the risks of pandemics became more and more critical. Human and animal health has also been threatened by antimicrobial resistance, environmental pollution, and the development of multifactorial and chronic diseases. This highlighted the increasing globalization of health risks and the importance of the human-animal-ecosystem interface in the evolution and emergence of pathogens. A better knowledge of causes and consequences of certain human activities, lifestyles, and behaviors in ecosystems is crucial for a rigorous interpretation of disease dynamics and to drive public policies. As a global good, health security must be understood on a global scale and from a global and crosscutting perspective, integrating human health, animal health, plant health, ecosystems health, and biodiversity. In this study, we discuss how crucial it is to consider ecological, evolutionary, and environmental sciences in understanding the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases and in facing the challenges of antimicrobial resistance. We also discuss the application of the "One Health" concept to non-communicable chronic diseases linked to exposure to multiple stresses, including toxic stress, and new lifestyles. Finally, we draw up a list of barriers that need removing and the ambitions that we must nurture for the effective application of the "One Health" concept. We conclude that the success of this One Health concept now requires breaking down the interdisciplinary barriers that still separate human and veterinary medicine from ecological, evolutionary, and environmental sciences. The development of integrative approaches should be promoted by linking the study of factors underlying stress responses to their consequences on ecosystem functioning and evolution. This knowledge is required for the development of novel control strategies inspired by environmental mechanisms leading to desired equilibrium and dynamics in healthy ecosystems and must provide in the near future a framework for more integrated operational initiatives.
在过去十年中，观察到传染病原体的传播显著增加。随着动物流行病、人畜共患病和流行病的传播与出现，大流行的风险变得越来越严峻。抗菌药物耐药性、环境污染以及多因素和慢性病的发展也对人类和动物健康构成了威胁。这凸显了健康风险全球化程度的不断提高以及人类-动物-生态系统界面在病原体进化和出现过程中的重要性。更好地了解某些人类活动、生活方式和行为在生态系统中的成因及后果，对于准确解读疾病动态和推动公共政策至关重要。作为一项全球公益事业，必须从全球范围、以全球和跨领域的视角来理解卫生安全，将人类健康、动物健康、植物健康、生态系统健康和生物多样性整合起来。在本研究中，我们讨论了在理解传染病的出现和再次出现以及应对抗菌药物耐药性挑战时，考虑生态、进化和环境科学的至关重要性。我们还讨论了“同一健康”概念在与接触多种压力（包括毒性压力）和新的生活方式相关的非传染性慢性病中的应用。最后，我们列出了需要消除的障碍以及为有效应用“同一健康”概念必须树立的目标。我们得出的结论是，现在“同一健康”概念要取得成功，需要打破仍然将人类医学和兽医学与生态、进化和环境科学分隔开来的跨学科障碍。应通过将对应激反应潜在因素的研究与其对生态系统功能和进化的影响联系起来，来促进综合方法的发展。这种知识对于开发受环境机制启发的新型控制策略是必要的，这些策略可在健康生态系统中实现理想的平衡和动态，并且在不久的将来必须为更综合的行动倡议提供一个框架。
