Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, No.25 Ghods St., Enghelab Ave, PO Box 81948/43995, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221-0012, USA.
Environ Monit Assess. 2018 Aug 23;190(9):546. doi: 10.1007/s10661-018-6936-4.
To reduce environmental and human health risks of contaminated sites, having a comprehensive knowledge about the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) removal processes is crucial. PAHs are contaminants which are highly recognized to pose threats to humans, animals, and plants. PAHs are hydrophobic and own two or more benzene rings, and hence are resistant to structural degradation. There are various techniques which have been developed to treat PAH-contaminated soil. Four distinct processes to remove PAHs in the contaminated soil, thought to be more effective techniques, are presented in this review: soil washing, chemical oxidation, electrokinetic, phytoremediation. In a surfactant-aided washing process, a removal rate of 90% was reported. Compost-amended phytoremediation treatment presented 58-99% removal of pyrene from the soil in 90 days. Chemical oxidation method was able to reach complete conversion for some PAHs. In electrokinetic treatment, researchers have achieved reliable results in removal of some specific PAHs. Researchers' innovations in novel studies and advantages/disadvantages of the techniques are also investigated throughout the paper. Finally, it should be noted that an exclusive method or a combination of methods by themselves are not the key to be employed for remediation of every contaminated site but the field characteristics are also essential in selection of the most appropriate decontamination technique(s). The remedy for selection criteria is based on PAH concentrations, site characteristics, costs, shortcomings, and advantages.
为了降低污染场地对环境和人体健康的风险，全面了解多环芳烃（PAH）去除工艺至关重要。多环芳烃是一种高度被认为对人类、动物和植物构成威胁的污染物。多环芳烃具有疏水性，拥有两个或更多的苯环，因此不易发生结构降解。已经开发出各种技术来处理受多环芳烃污染的土壤。本文综述了四种被认为更有效的去除污染土壤中多环芳烃的方法：土壤淋洗、化学氧化、电动修复和植物修复。在表面活性剂辅助的洗涤过程中，报告的去除率为 90%。堆肥改良的植物修复处理在 90 天内从土壤中去除了 58-99%的芘。化学氧化法能够完全转化某些多环芳烃。在电动修复处理中，研究人员已经在去除某些特定的多环芳烃方面取得了可靠的结果。本文还研究了研究人员在新研究中的创新以及这些技术的优缺点。最后，应该注意的是，单独的方法或几种方法的组合本身并不是修复每个污染场地的关键，而场地特征在选择最合适的去污技术方面也很重要。选择标准的补救措施基于 PAH 浓度、场地特征、成本、缺点和优势。
