Mueller Christopher George, Nayar Saba, Gardner David, Barone Francesca
Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IBMC), CNRS UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing (IIA), University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
Methods Mol Biol. 2018;1845:17-30. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8709-2_2.
Inflammatory immune cells recruited at the site of chronic inflammation form structures that resemble secondary lymphoid organs (SLO). These are characterized by segregated areas of prevalent T- or B-cell aggregation, differentiation of high endothelial venules, and local activation of resident stromal cells, including lymphatic endothelial cells. B-cell proliferation and affinity maturation toward locally displayed autoantigens have been demonstrated at these sites, known as tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS). TLS formation during chronic inflammation has been associated with local disease persistence and progression, as well as increased systemic manifestations. While bearing a similar histological structure to SLO, the signals that regulate TLS and SLO formation can diverge and a series of pro-inflammatory cytokines have been ascribed as responsible for TLS formation at different anatomical sites. Moreover, for a long time the structural compartment that regulates TLS homeostasis, including survival and recirculation of leucocytes has been neglected. In this chapter, we summarize the novel data available on TLS formation, structural organization, and the functional and anatomical links connecting TLS and SLOs.
在慢性炎症部位募集的炎性免疫细胞形成了类似于二级淋巴器官（SLO）的结构。这些结构的特征是T细胞或B细胞聚集的隔离区域、高内皮微静脉的分化以及包括淋巴管内皮细胞在内的驻留基质细胞的局部激活。在这些被称为三级淋巴结构（TLS）的部位，已证实存在B细胞增殖以及针对局部展示的自身抗原的亲和力成熟。慢性炎症期间TLS的形成与局部疾病的持续和进展以及全身表现的增加有关。虽然TLS具有与SLO相似的组织结构，但调节TLS和SLO形成的信号可能不同，并且一系列促炎细胞因子被认为是不同解剖部位TLS形成的原因。此外，长期以来，调节TLS稳态（包括白细胞的存活和再循环）的结构区室一直被忽视。在本章中，我们总结了有关TLS形成、结构组织以及连接TLS和SLO的功能和解剖学联系的最新数据。
