Rubio-Guerri Consuelo, Jiménez M Ángeles, Melero Mar, Díaz-Delgado Josué, Sierra Eva, Arbelo Manuel, Bellière Edwige N, Crespo-Picazo Jose L, García-Párraga Daniel, Esperón Fernando, Sánchez-Vizcaíno Jose M
VISAVET Center and Animal Health Department, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta del Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
Fundación Oceanografic de la Comunitat Valenciana, C/. Eduardo Primo Yúfera (Científic) 1B, 46013, Valencia, Spain.
BMC Vet Res. 2018 Aug 24;14(1):248. doi: 10.1186/s12917-018-1559-0.
In the last 20 years, Cetacean Morbillivirus (CeMV) has been responsible for many die-offs in marine mammals worldwide, as clearly exemplified by the three dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) epizootics of 1990-1992, 2006-2008 and 2011 that affected Mediterranean striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba). Systemic infection caused by DMV in the Mediterranean has been reported only during these outbreaks.
We report the infection of five striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) stranded on the Spanish Mediterranean coast of Valencia after the last DMV outbreak that ended in 2011. Animal 1 stranded in late 2011 and Animal 2 in 2012. Systemic infection affecting all tissues was found based on histopathology and positive immunohistochemical and polymerase chain reaction positive results. Animal 3 stranded in 2014; molecular and immunohistochemical detection was positive only in the central nervous system. Animals 4 and 5 stranded in 2015, and DMV antigen was found in several tissues. Partial sequences of the DMV phosphoprotein (P), nucleoprotein (N), and hemagglutinin (H) genes were identical for Animals 2, 3, 4, and 5, and were remarkably different from those in Animal 1. The P sequence from Animal 1 was identical to that of the DMV strain that caused the epizootic of 2011 in the Spanish Mediterranean. The corresponding sequence from Animals 2-5 was identical to that from a striped dolphin stranded in 2011 on the Canary Islands and to six dolphins stranded in northeastern Atlantic of the Iberian Peninsula.
These results suggest the existence of an endemic infection cycle among striped dolphins in the Mediterranean that may lead to occasional systemic disease presentations outside epizootic periods. This cycle involves multiple pathogenic viral strains, one of which may have originated in the Atlantic Ocean.
在过去20年里，鲸类麻疹病毒（CeMV）导致全球许多海洋哺乳动物死亡，1990 - 1992年、2006 - 2008年和2011年影响地中海条纹海豚（Stenella coeruleoalba）的三次海豚麻疹病毒（DMV） epizootics就是明显例证。地中海地区由DMV引起的全身感染仅在这些疫情期间有报道。
我们报告了在2011年结束的最后一次DMV疫情后，五只搁浅在西班牙巴伦西亚地中海沿岸的条纹海豚（Stenella coeruleoalba）感染情况。动物1于2011年末搁浅，动物2于2012年搁浅。基于组织病理学以及免疫组化和聚合酶链反应阳性结果，发现全身感染累及所有组织。动物3于2014年搁浅；分子和免疫组化检测仅在中枢神经系统呈阳性。动物4和5于2015年搁浅，在多个组织中发现了DMV抗原。动物2、3、4和5的DMV磷蛋白（P）、核蛋白（N）和血凝素（H）基因的部分序列相同，且与动物1的序列明显不同。动物1的P序列与2011年在西班牙地中海地区引发 epizootic的DMV毒株相同。动物2 - 5的相应序列与2011年在加那利群岛搁浅的一只条纹海豚以及在伊比利亚半岛东北大西洋搁浅的六只海豚的序列相同。
这些结果表明地中海条纹海豚中存在地方性感染循环，这可能导致在疫情期之外偶尔出现全身疾病表现。这个循环涉及多种致病病毒株，其中一种可能起源于大西洋。
