Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University and Clinical Research Centre, SUS, Malmö, Sweden.
Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University and Clinical Research Centre, SUS, Malmö, Sweden.
Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2018 Dec;43:46-52. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.08.003. Epub 2018 Aug 23.
Failure of the β-cell to secrete enough insulin is a major contributing factor in the pathogenesis of type-2 diabetes (T2D). MicroRNAs provide an extra layer in the regulation of protein expression, and are thus involved in β-cell compensation during development of the disease. In this review, we discuss how microRNAs can regulate their target protein expression and phenotypic output, present the status of nutritional regulation of microRNA expression, and summarize work on microRNA expression in human islets. In conclusion, current data lend support to microRNAs being essential regulators of insulin secretion. Future work will describe microRNAs in α-cell function, details of the microRNA-mRNA network, and possibilities to use microRNAs as biomarkers and in therapeutic treatment of T2D and complications.
β细胞分泌的胰岛素不足是 2 型糖尿病（T2D）发病机制的主要因素。microRNAs 在蛋白质表达调控中提供了一个额外的层次，因此参与了疾病发展过程中β细胞的代偿。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 microRNAs 如何调节其靶蛋白的表达和表型输出，介绍了 microRNA 表达的营养调节现状，并总结了人类胰岛中 microRNA 表达的研究工作。总之，目前的数据支持 microRNAs 是胰岛素分泌的重要调节因子。未来的工作将描述 microRNAs 在α细胞功能中的作用、microRNA-mRNA 网络的细节，以及将 microRNAs 用作 T2D 及其并发症的生物标志物和治疗手段的可能性。
