Department of Pharmacy, The 105 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hefei, China.
Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
J Cell Physiol. 2019 Mar;234(3):2266-2276. doi: 10.1002/jcp.27203. Epub 2018 Aug 26.
Acute kidney injury (AKI), caused by various stimuli including ischemia reperfusion, nephrotoxic insult, and sepsis, is characterized by abrupt decline of kidney function. Till now, the molecular mechanisms for AKI have not been fully explored and the effective therapies are still lacking. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), a group of biomolecules function at RNA level, are involved in a wide range of physiopathological processes including AKI. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the most extensively studied ncRNAs in AKI. Evidence indicated that miRNAs are altered significantly in various types of AKI. Gain-and-loss-of-function studies demonstrated that miRNAs, such as miR-24, miR-126, miR-494, and miR-687, may bind to the 3'-untranslated region of their target genes to regulate inflammation, programmed cell death, and cell cycle in the injury and repair stages of AKI, indicating their therapeutic potential in AKI. In contrast, functions of long noncoding RNAs and circular RNAs in AKI are hot topics but still largely unknown. Additionally, ncRNAs packaged in exosome can be detected in circulation and urine, they may serve as specific biomarkers for AKI. This review summarized the alteration and functional role of ncRNAs and their therapeutic potential in AKI.
急性肾损伤（AKI）是由多种刺激引起的，包括缺血再灌注、肾毒性损伤和败血症，其特征是肾功能突然下降。到目前为止，AKI 的分子机制尚未完全被探索，有效的治疗方法仍然缺乏。非编码 RNA（ncRNA）是一组在 RNA 水平发挥作用的生物分子，参与包括 AKI 在内的广泛的生理病理过程。微小 RNA（miRNA）是 AKI 中研究最多的 ncRNA。有证据表明，miRNA 在各种类型的 AKI 中发生了显著改变。功能增益和功能丧失研究表明，miRNA，如 miR-24、miR-126、miR-494 和 miR-687，可能与它们的靶基因的 3'-非翻译区结合，在 AKI 的损伤和修复阶段调节炎症、程序性细胞死亡和细胞周期，表明它们在 AKI 中的治疗潜力。相比之下，长非编码 RNA 和环状 RNA 在 AKI 中的功能是热点，但仍知之甚少。此外，外泌体中包裹的 ncRNA 可以在循环和尿液中检测到，它们可能作为 AKI 的特异性生物标志物。这篇综述总结了 ncRNA 的改变及其在 AKI 中的功能作用及其治疗潜力。
