Neumann Barbara, Ott Konrad, Kenchington Richard
1Department of Geography, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
2Philosophical Seminar, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
Sustain Sci. 2017;12(6):1019-1035. doi: 10.1007/s11625-017-0472-y. Epub 2017 Sep 7.
Humans derive many tangible and intangible benefits from coastal areas, providing essential components for social and economic development especially of less developed coastal states and island states. At the same time, growing human and environmental pressures in coastal areas have significant impacts on coastal systems, requiring urgent attention in many coastal areas globally. Sustainable development goal (SDG) 14 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (henceforth the 2030 Agenda) aims for conservation and sustainable use of the oceans, seas, and marine resources, explicitly considering coastal areas in two of its targets (14.2 and 14.5). These promote, as we argue in this article, a strong sustainability concept by addressing protection, conservation, and management of coastal ecosystems and resources. The 2030 Agenda adopts the so-called "three-pillar-model" but does not specify how to balance the economic, social, and environmental dimensions in cases of trade-offs or conflicts. By analysing SDG 14 for the underlying sustainability concept, we derive decisive arguments for a strong sustainability concept and for the integration of constraint functions to avoid depletion of natural capital of coastal areas beyond safe minimum standards. In potential negotiations, targets 14.2 and 14.5 ought to serve as constraints to such depletion. However, such a rule-based framework has challenges and pitfalls which need to be addressed in the implementation and policy process. We discuss these for coastal areas in the context of SDG 14 and provide recommendations for coastal governance and for the process ahead.
人类从沿海地区获得了许多有形和无形的益处，这些地区为社会和经济发展，尤其是欠发达沿海国家和岛国的社会经济发展提供了关键要素。与此同时，沿海地区日益增长的人类和环境压力对沿海系统产生了重大影响，这在全球许多沿海地区都需要引起紧急关注。《2030年可持续发展议程》（以下简称《2030议程》）中的可持续发展目标14旨在养护和可持续利用海洋及海洋资源，在其两个目标（14.2和14.5）中明确考虑了沿海地区。正如我们在本文中所主张的，这些目标通过解决沿海生态系统和资源的保护、养护及管理问题，推动了一种强有力的可持续发展理念。《2030议程》采用了所谓的“三大支柱模式”，但未具体说明在权衡或冲突情况下如何平衡经济、社会和环境层面。通过分析可持续发展目标14所蕴含的可持续发展理念，我们得出了支持强有力的可持续发展理念以及整合约束功能以避免沿海地区自然资本消耗超过安全最低标准的决定性论据。在潜在的谈判中，目标14.2和14.5应作为此类消耗的约束条件。然而，这样一个基于规则的框架存在挑战和陷阱，需要在实施和政策过程中加以解决。我们在可持续发展目标14的背景下讨论这些针对沿海地区的问题，并为沿海治理及未来进程提供建议。
