Popović Ljiljana, Goranović Tatjana, Jakovljević Gordana
Lijec Vjesn. 2016 Sep-Oct;138(9-10):282-8.
Perioperative fasting is a standard procedure for the preparation of patients for surgery. The current guidelines for perioperative fasting in children recommend adherence to the instructions, “2-4-6” i.e. taking clear liquids up to 2 hours, breast milk up to 4 hours, and other non-human milk and solids up to 6 hours prior to surgery. Oral fluid intake is allowed within the first 3 postoperative hours in most pediatric patients. Too long perioperative fasting is not recommended, and may be harmful, both for healthy children so for a specific group of pediatric patients such as cancer patients. It is possible to avoid the adverse effects of prolonged perioperative fasting by appropriate planning of operating programs, good coordination of anesthetic and surgical team and compliance to the guidelines. Although recent studies suggest an advantage of more liberal perioperative approach in relation to the current guidelines in children, for now there is no enough evidence to change existing recommendations. However, according to ongoing studies it is possible that soon there will be evidence enough to support additional shortening of perioperative fasting time interval.
围手术期禁食是患者手术准备的标准程序。当前儿童围手术期禁食指南建议遵循“2 - 4 - 6”原则，即术前2小时内可摄入清亮液体，4小时内可摄入母乳，6小时内可摄入其他非母乳及固体食物。大多数儿科患者术后3小时内允许口服液体。不建议围手术期禁食时间过长，这可能对健康儿童以及特定儿科患者群体（如癌症患者）有害。通过合理安排手术计划、麻醉和手术团队的良好协作以及遵守指南，可以避免围手术期长时间禁食的不良影响。尽管最近的研究表明，相对于当前儿童指南，更宽松的围手术期方法有优势，但目前尚无足够证据改变现有建议。然而，根据正在进行的研究，很快可能会有足够证据支持进一步缩短围手术期禁食时间间隔。
