Cook-Sather Scott D, Litman Ronald S
The Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th Street and Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4399, USA.
Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2006 Sep;20(3):471-81. doi: 10.1016/j.bpa.2006.02.003.
Pediatric fasting guidelines are intended to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents and facilitate the safe and efficient conduct of anesthesia. Recent changes in these guidelines, while assuring appropriate levels of patient safety, have been directed at improving the overall perioperative experience for infants, children, and their parents. Now after nearly 15 years of practice worldwide, the relative safety and benefits of allowing clear liquids up to 2 hr prior to anesthesia for otherwise healthy children are well established. Shortened fasting periods for breast milk (3 hr), formula (4 hr) and light meals (6 hr) are supported by accumulated experience and an evolving literature that includes evidence of minimal gastric fluid volumes (GFVs) at the time of surgery. Ideal fasting intervals for children with disorders that may affect gastrointestinal transit have yet to be determined.
儿科禁食指南旨在降低胃内容物肺误吸的风险，并促进麻醉的安全有效实施。这些指南最近的变化在确保适当患者安全水平的同时，旨在改善婴儿、儿童及其父母的整体围手术期体验。在全球范围内经过近15年的实践后，对于健康儿童在麻醉前2小时内允许饮用清亮液体的相对安全性和益处已得到充分证实。母乳（3小时）、配方奶（4小时）和清淡饮食（6小时）的禁食时间缩短得到了积累的经验和不断发展的文献的支持，这些文献包括手术时胃液量（GFV）极少的证据。对于可能影响胃肠运输的疾病患儿，理想的禁食间隔尚未确定。
