Department of Sleep Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Scotland University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2018 Nov;24(6):543-548. doi: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000000522.
To explore the evidence for using exogenous melatonin in the treatment of sleep disorders, both primary and secondary, in children and adults.
A number of recently published meta-analyses have shown that there is evidence for the efficacy of exogenously administered melatonin in a number of sleep disorders. However, melatonin is likely to be prescribed largely for reasons of perceived minimal side-effect profile and very low cost in situations in which high-quality evidence for its usefulness is not forthcoming.
There is evidence for the efficacy of melatonin in the management of insomnia and some intrinsic disorders of circadian rhythm in adults and children as well as in reducing sleep onset latency in jet-lag and shift work disorder in adults. Melatonin is used routinely in the treatment of rapid-eye movement sleep-behaviour disorder despite limited trial evidence. Increasingly, dual melatonin receptor agonists are being trialled in a variety of sleep disorders. Long-term adverse effects are currently not fully identified.
探讨外源性褪黑素治疗儿童和成人原发性和继发性睡眠障碍的证据。
一些最近发表的荟萃分析表明，外源性给予褪黑素在多种睡眠障碍中具有疗效的证据。然而，褪黑素很可能主要是由于其被认为具有最小的副作用特征和极低的成本而被开处方，而在没有高质量证据表明其有用性的情况下。
褪黑素在成人和儿童失眠和一些内在的昼夜节律紊乱的管理以及在减少时差和轮班工作障碍中的入睡潜伏期方面具有疗效。尽管试验证据有限，但褪黑素仍被常规用于治疗快速眼动睡眠行为障碍。越来越多的双褪黑素受体激动剂正在各种睡眠障碍中进行试验。长期不良反应目前尚未完全确定。
