Kirby Trevor O, Ochoa-Repáraz Javier
Department of Biology, Eastern Washington University, 258 Science Building, Cheney, WA 99004, USA.
Med Sci (Basel). 2018 Aug 24;6(3):69. doi: 10.3390/medsci6030069.
Recently, there has been a substantial increase in the number of studies focused upon connecting the gut microbiome with cases of central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative autoimmune disorder of the CNS. Recent experimental and clinical evidence suggests the presence of microbial imbalances in the gut of MS sufferers. The gut microbiome is defined as the summation of all the microbial entities as well as their genes, proteins, and metabolic products in a given space and time. Studies show the MS gut microbiome as having general alterations in specific taxa, some associated with the promotion of inflammatory cytokines and overall inflammation. In conjunction with these findings, experimental models of the disease have reported that T regulatory (Treg) cells have deficits in their function as a result of the aberrant gut microbiota composition. The findings suggest that the interactions between the host and the microbiota are reciprocal, although more extensive work is required to confirm this. Moreover, evidence indicates that changes in microbiota composition may result in imbalances that could result in disease, with the gut as a potential novel therapeutic avenue. By understanding the biological effects of aberrant gut microbiome composition, it is possible to contemplate current therapeutic options and their efficacy. Ultimately, more research is necessary in this field, but targeting the gut microbiota may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
最近，专注于将肠道微生物群与中枢神经系统（CNS）自身免疫病例联系起来的研究数量大幅增加。多发性硬化症（MS）是一种中枢神经系统的神经退行性自身免疫性疾病。最近的实验和临床证据表明，MS患者的肠道中存在微生物失衡。肠道微生物群被定义为在给定的空间和时间内所有微生物实体及其基因、蛋白质和代谢产物的总和。研究表明，MS肠道微生物群在特定分类群中存在普遍改变，其中一些与促炎细胞因子的产生和整体炎症有关。结合这些发现，该疾病的实验模型报告称，由于肠道微生物群组成异常，调节性T（Treg）细胞的功能存在缺陷。这些发现表明，宿主与微生物群之间的相互作用是相互的，尽管需要更多的研究来证实这一点。此外，有证据表明，微生物群组成的变化可能导致失衡，进而引发疾病，肠道可能是一个潜在的新治疗途径。通过了解异常肠道微生物群组成的生物学效应，可以思考当前的治疗选择及其疗效。最终，该领域需要更多的研究，但针对肠道微生物群可能会导致新治疗策略的开发。
