Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06504, USA; email:
Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06504, USA.
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2018 Aug 25;56:111-133. doi: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080417-050108.
Engineered nanoparticles are materials between 1 and 100 nm and exist as metalloids, metallic oxides, nonmetals, and carbon nanomaterials and as functionalized dendrimers, liposomes, and quantum dots. Their small size, large surface area, and high reactivity have enabled their use as bactericides/ fungicides and nanofertilizers. Nanoparticles can be designed as biosensors for plant disease diagnostics and as delivery vehicles for genetic material, probes, and agrichemicals. In the past decade, reports of nanotechnology in phytopathology have grown exponentially. Nanomaterials have been integrated into disease management strategies and diagnostics and as molecular tools. Most reports summarized herein are directed toward pathogen inhibition using metalloid/metallic oxide nanoparticles as bactericides/fungicides and as nanofertilizers to enhance health. The use of nanoparticles as biosensors in plant disease diagnostics is also reviewed. As global demand for food production escalates against a changing climate, nanotechnology could sustainably mitigate many challenges in disease management by reducing chemical inputs and promoting rapid detection of pathogens.
工程纳米粒子是尺寸在 1 到 100nm 之间的材料，它们存在于类金属、金属氧化物、非金属和碳纳米材料中，以及官能化的树枝状大分子、脂质体和量子点中。它们的小尺寸、大表面积和高反应活性使它们能够用作杀菌剂/杀真菌剂和纳米肥料。纳米粒子可以设计为用于植物病害诊断的生物传感器，以及用于遗传物质、探针和农用化学品的输送载体。在过去的十年中，有关植物病理学中纳米技术的报告呈指数级增长。纳米材料已被整合到疾病管理策略和诊断中，以及作为分子工具。本文中的大多数报告都集中在使用类金属/金属氧化物纳米粒子作为杀菌剂/杀真菌剂和纳米肥料来增强健康的方法上，以抑制病原体。还回顾了纳米粒子作为植物病害诊断中的生物传感器的用途。随着全球对粮食生产的需求在气候变化的背景下不断增加，纳米技术可以通过减少化学投入和促进对病原体的快速检测，可持续地缓解疾病管理中的许多挑战。
