Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Food Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry and Ecology, Franje Kuhača 20, 31000, Osijek, Croatia.
Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430, Tulln, Austria.
Sci Rep. 2018 Aug 27;8(1):12855. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-31305-9.
The water soluble fullerene C daughter product - fullerols C(OH) (FNP) possesses a great potential of modifying secondary metabolites biosynthesis. In order to clarify the extent of interaction, the impact of FNP (10, 100 and 1000 ng mL) on aflatoxin production and the available precursors of biosynthesis pathway from Aspergillus flavus NRRL 3251 was determined, in both the mycelia and yeast extract sucrose (YES) medium, during a 168-hour growth period at 29 °C in the dark. The FNP of 8 nm in diameter, and with a zeta potential of -33 mV affected mycelial growth at 1000 ng mL while conidia production was slightly affected at 10 ng mL. The FNP effect on aflatoxin and it biosynthetic precursors was concentration dependent and alteration of the sterigmatocystin (ST) export from the cell was observed. Most of the monitored aflatoxin precursors, except norsolorinic acid, were detected in both mycelia and YES medium. However, observed precursor concentrations were much higher in mycelia, with exception of ST. The study shows the loss of FNP antioxidative effect after 120 hours of growth, and strong concentration dependent aflatoxigenic effect after that time. Thus, this data is relevant to guide future considerations on FNP-fungal interactions in the environments and on risk assessment.
水溶性富勒烯 C 衍生物——富勒醇 C(OH)（FNP）具有修饰次生代谢物生物合成的巨大潜力。为了阐明相互作用的程度，本研究测定了 FNP（10、100 和 1000ng/mL）对黄曲霉 NRRL 3251 产黄曲霉毒素及其生物合成途径的可用前体的影响，在黑暗中 29°C 下生长 168 小时，分别在菌丝体和酵母提取物蔗糖（YES）培养基中进行。直径为 8nm、zeta 电位为-33mV 的 FNP 在 1000ng/mL 时影响菌丝体生长，而在 10ng/mL 时仅略微影响分生孢子产生。FNP 对黄曲霉毒素及其生物合成前体的影响具有浓度依赖性，并观察到细胞内麦角甾酮（ST）的外排发生改变。除了去甲泽拉木醛酸外，大多数监测到的黄曲霉毒素前体都在菌丝体和 YES 培养基中被检测到。然而，与 ST 不同的是，在菌丝体中观察到的前体浓度要高得多。该研究表明，FNP 的抗氧化作用在生长 120 小时后丧失，并且在 120 小时后表现出强烈的浓度依赖性产黄曲霉毒素作用。因此，这些数据与指导未来对环境中 FNP-真菌相互作用以及风险评估的考虑相关。
