Sachkova A S, Kovel E S, Churilov G N, Guseynov O A, Bondar A A, Dubinina I A, Kudryasheva N S
National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
Biochem Biophys Rep. 2016 Nov 9;9:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.10.011. eCollection 2017 Mar.
Fullerenols are nanosized water-soluble polyhydroxylated derivatives of fullerenes, specific allotropic form of carbon, bioactive compounds and perspective pharmaceutical agents. Antioxidant activity of fullerenols was studied in model solutions of organic and inorganic toxicants of oxidative type - 1,4-benzoquinone and potassium ferricyanide. Two fullerenol preparations were tested: СО(ОН) and mixture of two types of fullerenols СО(ОН)+СО(ОН). Bacteria-based and enzyme-based bioluminescent assays were used to evaluate a decrease in cellular and biochemical toxicities, respectively. Additionally, the enzyme-based assay was used for the direct monitoring of efficiency of the oxidative enzymatic processes. The bacteria-based and enzyme-based assays showed similar peculiarities of the detoxification processes: (1) ultralow concentrations of fullerenols were active ( 10-10 and 10-10 g/L, respectively), (2) no monotonic dependence of detoxification efficiency on fullerenol concentrations was observed, and (3) detoxification of organic oxidizer solutions was more effective than that of the inorganic oxidizer. The antioxidant effect of highly diluted fullerenol solutions on bacterial cells was attributed to hormesis phenomenon; the detoxification was concerned with stimulation of adaptive cellular response under low-dose exposures. Sequence analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA was carried out; it did not reveal mutations in bacterial DNA. The suggestion was made that hydrophobic membrane-dependent processes are involved to the detoxifying mechanism. Catalytic activity of fullerenol (10 g/L) in NADH-dependent enzymatic reactions was demonstrated and supposed to contribute to adaptive bacterial response.
富勒烯醇是富勒烯的纳米级水溶性多羟基衍生物，富勒烯是碳的一种特殊同素异形体、生物活性化合物和有前景的药物制剂。在氧化型有机和无机毒物（1,4-苯醌和铁氰化钾）的模型溶液中研究了富勒烯醇的抗氧化活性。测试了两种富勒烯醇制剂：СО(ОН)以及两种类型富勒烯醇的混合物СО(ОН)+СО(ОН)。分别使用基于细菌和基于酶的生物发光测定法来评估细胞毒性和生化毒性的降低。此外，基于酶的测定法用于直接监测氧化酶促过程的效率。基于细菌和基于酶的测定法显示出解毒过程的相似特性：（1）富勒烯醇的超低浓度具有活性（分别为10-10和10-10 g/L），（2）未观察到解毒效率对富勒烯醇浓度的单调依赖性，（3）有机氧化剂溶液的解毒比无机氧化剂更有效。高度稀释的富勒烯醇溶液对细菌细胞的抗氧化作用归因于兴奋效应现象；解毒与低剂量暴露下适应性细胞反应的刺激有关。进行了16S核糖体RNA的序列分析；未发现细菌DNA中的突变。有人提出解毒机制涉及疏水膜依赖性过程。证明了富勒烯醇（10 g/L）在NADH依赖性酶促反应中的催化活性，并推测其有助于细菌的适应性反应。
