Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy of children and adolescents, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
BMC Psychiatry. 2018 Aug 29;18(1):268. doi: 10.1186/s12888-018-1860-2.
The SWIS sleep training for university students showed promising results regarding subjective and objective sleep parameters. As sleep disorders and impaired sleep quality are closely related to various aspects of mental health, the current study examines the effects of the SWIS sleep training on mental health in university students.
Fifty six university students (M = 25.84, SD = 5.06) participated in the study, 68% were women. Forty one were randomly assigned to the SWIS treatment (pre-post-follow-up), 15 to a Waiting List Control condition (WLC, pre-post). Besides sleep-related measures, the students completed four online questionnaires measuring mental health, quality of life and stress coping strategies. Effect sizes for the pre-post data were compared between the conditions, long-term effects were calculated with repeated measures ANOVA or Friedman ANOVA. Long-term clinical changes were analyzed with the Reliable Change Index (RCI).
The pre-post comparisons between SWIS and WLC revealed lower depression scores in both conditions, a better physical state in the SWIS condition and less maladaptive stress coping strategies in the WLC students. The long-term results of SWIS provided significant improvements regarding the students' somatic complaints, reduced anxiety, an improved physical state and a better quality of life with moderate to large effect sizes. Most of the significant improvements occurred between pre- and follow-up measurement. These statistically significant results were also reflected in clinically significant changes from pre- to follow-up-test.
SWIS and WLC condition both improved in two mental health variables immediately after the training. These findings may be explained by unspecific treatment expectation effects in the WLC. Interestingly, most mental health outcomes showed significant improvements after 3 months, but not immediately after the training. These positive long-term effects of the SWIS training on mental health indicate that the transfer of strategies might simply need more time to affect the students' mental health.
The current study was retrospectively registered at German Clinical Trials Register (ID: DRKS00014338 , registration date: 20.04.2018, enrolment of first participant: 14.04.2015).
SWIS 大学生睡眠训练在主观和客观睡眠参数方面显示出良好的效果。由于睡眠障碍和睡眠质量受损与心理健康的各个方面密切相关，本研究考察了 SWIS 睡眠训练对大学生心理健康的影响。
56 名大学生（M=25.84，SD=5.06）参与了研究，其中 68%为女性。41 名学生被随机分配到 SWIS 治疗组（前后随访），15 名学生被分配到等待名单对照组（WLC，前后）。除了与睡眠相关的测量外，学生还完成了四项在线问卷，测量心理健康、生活质量和应对压力的策略。在条件之间比较了前后数据的效果大小，使用重复测量方差分析或 Friedman ANOVA 计算长期效果。使用可靠变化指数（RCI）分析长期临床变化。
SWIS 和 WLC 之间的前后比较显示，两种条件下的抑郁评分均降低，SWIS 条件下的身体状态更好，WLC 学生的适应不良压力应对策略更少。SWIS 的长期结果显示，学生的躯体抱怨、焦虑减少、身体状态改善和生活质量提高，具有中等至较大的效果大小。大多数显著的改善发生在预测试和随访测试之间。这些统计学上的显著结果也反映在从预测试到随访测试的临床显著变化中。
SWIS 和 WLC 两种条件在培训后立即在两个心理健康变量上都有所改善。这些发现可以用 WLC 中未特定的治疗期望效应来解释。有趣的是，大多数心理健康结果在 3 个月后显示出显著改善，但不是在培训后立即改善。SWIS 睡眠训练对心理健康的这些积极的长期影响表明，策略的转移可能只是需要更多的时间来影响学生的心理健康。
本研究在德国临床试验注册处（ID：DRKS00014338，注册日期：2023 年 4 月 20 日，首位参与者招募日期：2015 年 4 月 14 日）进行了回顾性注册。
