Faculty of Psychology and Sport Science, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
J Sleep Res. 2018 Feb;27(1):4-22. doi: 10.1111/jsr.12568. Epub 2017 Jun 15.
Sleep problems are a common occurrence in college students. Insomnia, nightmares and impaired sleep quality lead to several mental health issues, as well as impaired academic performance. Although different sleep programmes exist, a systematic overview comparing their effectiveness is still missing. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of psychological interventions to improve sleep in college students. Seven databases were searched from November to December 2016 (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cinahl, Cochrane Library, PubMed, OpenSigle). The search string included search terms from three different topics: sleep, intervention and college students. Outcome measures included subjective as well as objective measures and focused on sleep, sleep-related and mental health variables. Twenty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. They were assigned to four intervention categories: (1) sleep hygiene, (2) cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), (3) relaxation, mindfulness and hypnotherapy and (4) other psychotherapeutic interventions. Fifteen studies were randomized controlled trials. While sleep hygiene interventions provided small to medium effects, the CBTs showed large effects. The variability of the effect sizes was especially large in the relaxation category, ranging from very small to very large effect sizes. Other psychotherapeutic interventions showed medium effects. CBT approaches provided the best effects for the improvement of different sleep variables in college students. Five studies included insomnia patients. The other three intervention categories also showed promising results with overall medium effects. In the future, CBT should be combined with relaxation techniques, mindfulness and hypnotherapy. Furthermore, the interventions should broaden their target group and include more sleep disorders.
睡眠问题在大学生中很常见。失眠、噩梦和睡眠质量下降会导致各种心理健康问题，以及学习成绩下降。尽管存在不同的睡眠方案，但仍缺乏对其有效性进行系统评估的研究。本系统综述旨在概述改善大学生睡眠的心理干预措施。我们于 2016 年 11 月至 12 月检索了 7 个数据库（MEDLINE、EMBASE、PsycINFO、Cinahl、Cochrane Library、PubMed、OpenSigle），检索词涉及睡眠、干预和大学生这三个主题。纳入标准为：研究对象为大学生；研究为干预性研究；使用了主观或客观的睡眠评估方法；聚焦于睡眠、睡眠相关和心理健康变量。27 项研究符合纳入标准，被分为 4 类干预措施：（1）睡眠卫生教育；（2）认知行为疗法（CBT）；（3）放松、正念和催眠疗法；（4）其他心理治疗干预。其中 15 项研究为随机对照试验。睡眠卫生教育干预的效果为小到中等，CBT 的效果为大。放松疗法的效果差异较大，从非常小到非常大。其他心理治疗干预的效果为中等。CBT 对改善大学生的不同睡眠变量效果最佳。5 项研究纳入了失眠患者，其余 3 类干预措施也有一定效果，整体效果为中等。未来，CBT 应与放松技术、正念和催眠疗法相结合，干预范围也应扩大，纳入更多的睡眠障碍患者。
