Rasool Mahmood, Malik Arif, Zahid Sara, Basit Ashraf Muhammad Abdul, Qazi Mahmood Husain, Asif Muhammad, Zaheer Ahmad, Arshad Muhammad, Raza Amir, Jamal Mohammad Sarwar
Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
Noncoding RNA Res. 2016 Nov 11;1(1):69-76. doi: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2016.11.001. eCollection 2016 Oct.
Cancer invasion involves a series of fundamental heterogeneous steps, with each step being distinct in its type regarding its dependence on various oncogenic pathways. Over the past few years, researchers have been focusing on targeted therapies to treat malignancies relying not only on a single oncogenic pathway, but on multiple pathways. Scientists have recently identified potential targets in the human genome considered earlier as non-functional but the discovery of their potential role in gene regulation has put new insights to cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutics. Non coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been identified as the key gene expression regulators. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) reveal diverse gene expression profiles in benign and metastatic tumours. Improved clinical research may lead to better knowledge of their biogenesis and mechanism and eventually be used as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic agents. Small non coding RNAs or micro RNA (miRNA) are capable of reprogramming multiple oncogenic cascades and, thus, can be used as target agents. This review is aimed to give a perspective of non coding transcription in cancer metastasis with an eye on rising clinical relevance of non coding RNAs and their mechanism of action focusing on potential therapeutics for cancer pathogenesis.
癌症侵袭涉及一系列基本的异质性步骤，每个步骤在其对各种致癌途径的依赖性方面类型各异。在过去几年中，研究人员一直专注于靶向治疗恶性肿瘤，不仅依赖单一致癌途径，还依赖多种途径。科学家们最近在人类基因组中发现了一些以前被认为无功能的潜在靶点，但它们在基因调控中的潜在作用的发现为癌症诊断、预后和治疗带来了新的见解。非编码RNA（ncRNAs）已被确定为关键的基因表达调节因子。长链非编码RNA（lncRNAs）在良性和转移性肿瘤中显示出多样的基因表达谱。改进的临床研究可能会更好地了解它们的生物发生和机制，并最终用作诊断生物标志物和治疗剂。小型非编码RNA或微小RNA（miRNA）能够重新编程多个致癌级联反应，因此可作为靶向剂。本综述旨在从非编码RNA不断上升的临床相关性及其作用机制着眼，展望非编码转录在癌症转移中的情况，重点关注癌症发病机制的潜在治疗方法。
