Higashiguchi Takashi
Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi. 2016 May;117(3):204-11.
Nutritional management is a type of basic therapy common to the treatment of all diseases. Appropriate nutritional management in response to the needs of individual patients is called nutrition support, and an interdisciplinary group performing this function is called a nutrition support team (NST). The NST concept began with the development of total parenteral nutrition in 1968, although it did not immediately spread to Japan. In 1998, the potluck party method, a uniquely Japanese administrative system, was proposed, and NSTs were established in facilities throughout the country. In 2001, the Japanese Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition planned the NST Project to support the establishment of NSTs under societal guidance. From 2006, the basic activities of NSTs in hospitals have been covered by healthcare fees. By 2010, the full range of activity of NSTs had been recognized as a necessary medical service in Japan with its aging population, and total medical fees for NST activities were covered by the social insurance system. By the end of 2014, NSTs had been established in more than 1,480 facilities nationwide. NSTs are now recognized as one of the most important medical tools available, including their social nutrition activities. Therefore, NSTs are expected to have increasing therapeutic usefulness in Japanese society with its growing proportion of elderly residents.
营养管理是所有疾病治疗中常见的一种基本疗法。根据个体患者的需求进行适当的营养管理被称为营养支持，执行此功能的跨学科团队被称为营养支持团队（NST）。NST的概念始于1968年全胃肠外营养的发展，尽管它并没有立即传播到日本。1998年，日本独特的行政系统“聚餐会方式”被提出，全国各地的医疗机构纷纷成立了NST。2001年，日本肠外肠内营养学会计划开展NST项目，以在社会指导下支持NST的建立。从2006年起，医院NST的基本活动已纳入医保费用。到2010年，随着日本人口老龄化，NST的全部活动已被确认为日本一项必要的医疗服务，NST活动的全部医疗费用由社会保险系统承担。截至2014年底，全国已有1480多家机构设立了NST。NST现在被认为是最重要的医疗工具之一，包括其社会营养活动。因此，随着日本老年居民比例的不断增加，NST在日本社会的治疗作用有望不断增强。
