Alexandre-Silva Gabriel M, Brito-Souza Pablo A, Oliveira Ana C S, Cerni Felipe A, Zottich Umberto, Pucca Manuela B
Medical School, Federal University of Roraima, Boa Vista, RR, Brazil.
Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
Acta Trop. 2018 Dec;188:16-26. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.08.032. Epub 2018 Aug 27.
The hygiene hypothesis was proposed almost three decades ago. Nevertheless, its mechanism still remains with relevant controversies. Some studies defend that early exposures during childhood to microbes and parasites are key determinants to prevent allergies and autoimmune diseases; however, other studies demonstrated that these early exposures can even potentiate the clinical scenario of the diseases. Based on several studies covering the influences of microbiome, parasites, related theories and others, this review focuses on recent advances in the hygiene hypothesis field. In addition, the main immunological mechanisms underlying the hygiene hypothesis are also discussed. We also strongly encourage that researchers do not consider the hygiene hypothesis as a theory based strictly on hygiene habits, but a theory combining diverse influences, as illustrated in this review as the hygiene hypothesis net.
卫生假说在近三十年前就已提出。然而，其机制仍存在相关争议。一些研究认为，儿童时期早期接触微生物和寄生虫是预防过敏和自身免疫性疾病的关键决定因素；然而，其他研究表明，这些早期接触甚至可能加剧疾病的临床症状。基于多项涵盖微生物组、寄生虫的影响、相关理论等方面的研究，本综述聚焦于卫生假说领域的最新进展。此外，还讨论了卫生假说背后的主要免疫机制。我们还强烈鼓励研究人员不要将卫生假说视为一种严格基于卫生习惯的理论，而是一种结合多种影响的理论，如本综述中作为卫生假说网络所阐述的那样。
