Jones Robert T, Tusting Lucy S, Smith Hugh M P, Segbaya Sylvester, Macdonald Michael B, Bangs Michael J, Logan James G
ARCTEC, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
Acta Trop. 2018 Dec;188:142-151. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.08.033. Epub 2018 Aug 27.
Industrial activities have produced profound changes in the natural environment, including the mass removal of trees, fragmentation of habitats, and creation of larval mosquito breeding sites, that have allowed the vectors of disease pathogens to thrive. We conducted a review of the literature to assess the impact of industrial activities on vector-borne disease transmission. Our study shows that industrial activities may be coupled with significant changes to human demographics that can potentially increase contact between pathogens, vectors and hosts, and produce a shift of parasites and susceptible populations between low and high disease endemic areas. Indeed, where vector-borne diseases and industrial activities intersect, large numbers of potentially immunologically naïve people may be exposed to infection and lack the knowledge and means to protect themselves from infection. Such areas are typically associated with inadequate access to quality health care, thus allowing industrial development and production sites to become important foci of transmission. The altered local vector ecologies, and the changes in disease dynamics that changes affect, create challenges for under-resourced health care and vector-control systems.
工业活动已给自然环境带来了深远变化，包括大规模砍伐树木、栖息地破碎化以及形成蚊虫幼虫滋生地，这些变化使得疾病病原体的传播媒介得以大量繁殖。我们对文献进行了综述，以评估工业活动对媒介传播疾病传播的影响。我们的研究表明，工业活动可能会伴随着人类人口结构的显著变化，这有可能增加病原体、传播媒介与宿主之间的接触，并导致寄生虫和易感人群在疾病低流行地区和高流行地区之间转移。事实上，在媒介传播疾病与工业活动交叉的地区，大量可能缺乏免疫经验的人可能会接触到感染源，并且缺乏保护自己免受感染的知识和手段。这些地区通常存在获得优质医疗保健服务不足的问题，从而使工业发展区和生产场所成为重要的传播中心。当地媒介生态的改变以及受其影响而变化的疾病动态，给资源匮乏的医疗保健和病媒控制系统带来了挑战。
