Department of Entomology, the Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
Unit of Entomology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
J Virol. 2023 Jan 31;97(1):e0177822. doi: 10.1128/jvi.01778-22. Epub 2023 Jan 4.
Globalization and climate change have contributed to the simultaneous increase and spread of arboviral diseases. Cocirculation of several arboviruses in the same geographic region provides an impetus to study the impacts of multiple concurrent infections within an individual vector mosquito. Here, we describe coinfection and superinfection with the Mayaro virus (Togaviridae, ) and Zika virus (Flaviviridae, ) in vertebrate and mosquito cells, as well as Aedes aegypti adult mosquitoes, to understand the interaction dynamics of these pathogens and effects on viral infection, dissemination, and transmission. Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were able to be infected with and transmit both pathogens simultaneously. However, whereas Mayaro virus was largely unaffected by coinfection, it had a negative impact on infection and dissemination rates for Zika virus compared to single infection scenarios. Superinfection of Mayaro virus atop a previous Zika virus infection resulted in increased Mayaro virus infection rates. At the cellular level, we found that mosquito and vertebrate cells were also capable of being simultaneously infected with both pathogens. Similar to our findings , Mayaro virus negatively affected Zika virus replication in vertebrate cells, displaying complete blocking under certain conditions. Viral interference did not occur in mosquito cells. Epidemiological and clinical studies indicate that multiple arboviruses are cocirculating in human populations, leading to some individuals carrying more than one arbovirus at the same time. In turn, mosquitoes can become infected with multiple pathogens simultaneously (coinfection) or sequentially (superinfection). Coinfection and superinfection can have synergistic, neutral, or antagonistic effects on viral infection dynamics and ultimately have impacts on human health. Here we investigate the interaction between Zika virus and Mayaro virus, two emerging mosquito-borne pathogens currently circulating together in Latin America and the Caribbean. We find a major mosquito vector of these viruses-Aedes aegypti-can carry and transmit both arboviruses at the same time. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering co- and superinfection dynamics during vector-pathogen interaction studies, surveillance programs, and risk assessment efforts in epidemic areas.
全球化和气候变化导致虫媒病毒病同时增多和蔓延。同一地理区域内几种虫媒病毒的共同流行促使人们研究个体媒介蚊虫内多种病毒同时感染的影响。在这里，我们描述了梅里亚病毒（披膜病毒科）和寨卡病毒（黄病毒科）在脊椎动物和蚊子细胞以及埃及伊蚊成蚊中的共感染和混合感染，以了解这些病原体的相互作用动态及其对病毒感染、传播和传播的影响。埃及伊蚊能够同时感染并传播这两种病原体。然而，与单感染情况相比，梅里亚病毒的共感染对寨卡病毒的感染和传播率影响不大，但对其感染和传播率影响较大。在先前感染寨卡病毒的基础上再感染梅里亚病毒，会导致梅里亚病毒感染率增加。在细胞水平上，我们发现蚊子和脊椎动物细胞也能够同时被两种病原体感染。与我们的发现类似，梅里亚病毒对脊椎动物细胞中寨卡病毒的复制有负面影响，在某些条件下完全阻断。蚊细胞中没有发生病毒干扰。流行病学和临床研究表明，多种虫媒病毒在人群中同时流行，导致一些人同时携带一种以上的虫媒病毒。反过来，蚊子也可以同时（共感染）或先后（混合感染）感染多种病原体。共感染和混合感染对病毒感染动力学有协同、中性或拮抗作用，最终会对人类健康产生影响。在这里，我们研究了寨卡病毒和梅里亚病毒之间的相互作用，这两种新兴的蚊媒病原体目前在拉丁美洲和加勒比地区同时流行。我们发现，这些病毒的主要媒介蚊——埃及伊蚊——可以同时携带和传播这两种虫媒病毒。我们的研究结果强调了在流行地区的媒介-病原体相互作用研究、监测计划和风险评估工作中考虑共感染和混合感染动态的重要性。
