College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.
Food Funct. 2018 Sep 19;9(9):4569-4581. doi: 10.1039/c8fo01349g.
Obesity is a health concern related to many metabolic disorders. In the prevention and treatment of overweight, medicines and bariatric surgeries are major strategies but there are side effects. A variety of naturally occurring bioactive ingredients derived from common spices, including cinnamon, rosemary, ginger, pepper, saffron, garlic, onion and turmeric, have been proved to have weight-loss effects. In this work, the molecular mechanisms of the anti-obesity effect of eight common spices are reviewed and evaluated in cell models, animal models and human subjects. Bioactive compounds from these spices are able to reduce lipid accumulation in fat cells and adipose tissues by regulating the expressions of related transcriptional factors such as CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). They are also able to modulate the activities of certain enzymes related to lipogenesis, such as acyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and others. After oral treatment with the spice extracts, apoptosis was induced in 3T3-L1 cells, thermogenesis was promoted in adipose tissues, and there was decreased body weight gain in obese animal models and human participants, which provide the basis for these functional food compounds to be developed into dietary supplements against obesity.
肥胖是与许多代谢紊乱相关的健康问题。在超重的预防和治疗中，药物和减肥手术是主要策略，但它们存在副作用。从常见香料（如肉桂、迷迭香、生姜、胡椒、藏红花、大蒜、洋葱和姜黄）中提取的多种天然生物活性成分已被证明具有减肥效果。在这项工作中，综述了八种常见香料在细胞模型、动物模型和人体中的抗肥胖作用的分子机制。这些香料中的生物活性化合物能够通过调节相关转录因子（如 CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白 (C/EBP) 和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体 γ (PPARγ)）的表达，减少脂肪细胞和脂肪组织中的脂质积累。它们还能够调节与脂肪生成相关的某些酶的活性，如酰基辅酶 A 羧化酶 (ACC)、脂肪酸合酶 (FAS)、甘油-3-磷酸脱氢酶 (GPDH) 等。经口服这些香料提取物处理后，3T3-L1 细胞发生凋亡，脂肪组织产热增加，肥胖动物模型和人体参与者的体重增加减少，为这些功能性食品化合物开发成抗肥胖膳食补充剂提供了依据。
