Kirsch R
Tierarztl Prax. 1986;14(2):211-6.
Considerable economic loss can arise from virus-caused enteritis in calves, in the form of so-called infectious factor diseases, which often develop more seriously when bacterial organisms, such as E. coli become involved. Rota-, corona- and parvoviruses are of particular interest. These pathogens have a marked predilection for intestinal epithelium. Rotavirus destroys the epithelial cells of the upper parts of the villi. Coronavirus penetrates to the base of the small intestinal villi and the superficial and crypt colonic epithelium is frequently affected. Infection of the small intestinal crypt epithelium is characteristic of parvovirus; loss of epithelium at the villus tip is also observed. Damage of the mucosa results in a reduction in digestive and absorbing capacity. It is not possible to treat these virus strains specifically. Great importance is therefore attached to the vaccination of dams as immune prophylaxis. Consumption of sufficient colostrum and milk from vaccinated dams affords the calves good protection. The mechanism is based on the presence of milk antibodies in the calf's intestine which neutralise orally ingested pathogens.
犊牛病毒性肠炎会造成相当大的经济损失，其表现形式为所谓的感染性因素疾病，当诸如大肠杆菌等细菌病原体参与其中时，病情往往会发展得更为严重。轮状病毒、冠状病毒和细小病毒尤其值得关注。这些病原体对肠道上皮细胞有明显的偏好。轮状病毒会破坏绒毛上部的上皮细胞。冠状病毒会渗透到小肠绒毛底部，浅表和隐窝结肠上皮也经常受到影响。细小病毒感染小肠隐窝上皮具有特征性；同时也会观察到绒毛顶端上皮的缺失。黏膜损伤会导致消化和吸收能力下降。目前尚无针对这些病毒株的特效治疗方法。因此，给孕畜接种疫苗作为免疫预防措施至关重要。食用来自接种疫苗孕畜的足够初乳和牛奶能为犊牛提供良好的保护。其机制基于犊牛肠道中存在的牛奶抗体，这些抗体可中和经口摄入的病原体。
