Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Marcelino Garcìa Barragán 1421, CP 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos (LIIA), Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Avenida Tecnológico 2595, Lagos del Country, Tepic, Nayarit, 63175, Mexico.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2018 Nov;82:504-513. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.08.055. Epub 2018 Aug 29.
Nanoparticle-based delivery technologies have played a central role in a wide variety of applications, including cell therapy, gene transformation, and cellular delivery of molecular dyes. This work synthesized via ionic exchange a nanoparticle consisting of zinc-layered hydroxychloride coupled with yeast β-glucan (ZG), whose cellular immune response was evaluated using fish spleen leukocytes. Leukocytes from the marine Pacific red snapper (Lutjanus peru) were stimulated with zinc-layered hydroxychloride (ZHC) coupled with yeast β-glucan (GLU) and challenged with live Vibrio parahaemolyticus after 24 h. Structural characterization of this yeast glucan by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) indicated structures containing (1-6)-branched (1-3)-β-D-glucan. The ZHC and ZG were characterized with X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The results of the immunological study showed that ZHC, GLU or ZG were safe for leukocytes because cell viability was higher than 80% compared with DMSO or V. parahaemolyticus exposure. The ZG or GLU treatments enhanced nitric oxide production, superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase activities. Induction of anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 and IL-17) genes was more pronounced in ZG or GLU treatments compared to the other groups. Based on the results, ZHC nanoparticles can be used as a delivery carrier of yeast β-glucan for enhancing immunity in fish and have great potential application in the aquaculture industry.
基于纳米粒子的递药技术在多种应用中发挥了核心作用，包括细胞治疗、基因转化和分子染料的细胞递药。本工作通过离子交换合成了一种由锌层状氢氧化物与酵母β-葡聚糖偶联而成的纳米颗粒（ZG），并用鱼类脾脏白细胞评估了其细胞免疫反应。用锌层状氢氧化物（ZHC）与酵母β-葡聚糖（GLU）偶联物刺激来自海洋太平洋红鲷（Lutjanus peru）的白细胞，24 小时后用活副溶血弧菌（Vibrio parahaemolyticus）对其进行挑战。通过质子核磁共振（NMR）对该酵母葡聚糖进行结构表征，表明结构中含有（1-6）支链（1-3）-β-D-葡聚糖。通过 X 射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜和热重分析对 ZHC 和 ZG 进行了表征。免疫学研究结果表明，ZHC、GLU 或 ZG 对白细胞是安全的，因为与 DMSO 或 V. parahaemolyticus 暴露相比，细胞活力高于 80%。ZG 或 GLU 处理增强了一氧化氮产生、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性。与其他组相比，ZG 或 GLU 处理诱导的抗炎和促炎细胞因子（IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、IL-12 和 IL-17）基因的表达更为显著。基于这些结果，ZHC 纳米颗粒可用作酵母β-葡聚糖的递药载体，以增强鱼类的免疫力，在水产养殖行业具有巨大的潜在应用价值。
