Talman Virpi, Kivelä Riikka
Drug Research Program and Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Front Cardiovasc Med. 2018 Jul 26;5:101. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00101. eCollection 2018.
The heart is a complex organ consisting of various cell types, each of which plays an important role in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. The cells communicate with each other through direct cell-cell interactions and paracrine signaling, and both homotypic and heterotypic cell interactions contribute to the organized structure and proper function of the heart. Cardiomyocytes (CMs) and endothelial cells (ECs) are two of the most abundant cardiac cell types and they also play central roles in both cardiac remodeling and regeneration. The postnatal cell cycle withdrawal of CMs, which takes place within days or weeks after birth, represents the major barrier for regeneration in adult mammalian hearts, as adult CMs exhibit a very low proliferative capacity. Recent evidence highlights the importance of ECs not only as the most abundant cell type in the heart but also as key players in post-infarction remodeling and regeneration. In this MiniReview, we focus on blood vascular ECs and CMs and their roles and interactions in cardiac physiology and pathologies, with a special emphasis on cardiac regeneration. We summarize the known mediators of the bidirectional CM-EC interactions and discuss the related recent advances in the development of therapies aiming to promote heart repair and regeneration targeting these two cell types.
心脏是一个由多种细胞类型组成的复杂器官，每种细胞类型在生理和病理生理状态下都发挥着重要作用。细胞通过直接的细胞间相互作用和旁分泌信号进行相互通信，同型和异型细胞相互作用都有助于心脏的组织结构和正常功能。心肌细胞（CMs）和内皮细胞（ECs）是心脏中最丰富的两种细胞类型，它们在心脏重塑和再生中也起着核心作用。出生后数天或数周内发生的CMs的出生后细胞周期退出，是成年哺乳动物心脏再生的主要障碍，因为成年CMs的增殖能力非常低。最近的证据突出了ECs的重要性，它们不仅是心脏中最丰富的细胞类型，而且是梗死后重塑和再生的关键参与者。在本综述中，我们重点关注血管内皮细胞和心肌细胞及其在心脏生理和病理中的作用和相互作用，特别强调心脏再生。我们总结了已知的双向CM-EC相互作用的介质，并讨论了旨在促进针对这两种细胞类型的心脏修复和再生的治疗方法的相关最新进展。
