Jabri Abdullah, Taftafa Bader, Mhannayeh Abdulaziz, Alsharif Mohamed, Abbad Tasnim, Ahmed Sana, Alshehri Eman A, Elsalti Abdulrahman, Khan Jibran, Mir Tanveer Ahmad, Yaqinuddin Ahmed
College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia.
Tissue/Organ Bioengineering & BioMEMS Laboratory, Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence (TR&I-Dpt), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
Bioengineering (Basel). 2025 May 14;12(5):518. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering12050518.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the primary cause of death and disability around the world. Over the past decades, several conventional model systems based on two-dimensional (3D) monolayer cultures or experimental animals have been adopted to dissect and understand heart diseases in order to develop treatment modalities. However, traditional models exhibit several limitations in recapitulating human-specific key physiological and pathological characteristics, which highlights the necessity of developing physiologically relevant models. In recent years, tissue engineering approaches have been extensively employed to generate revolutionary three-dimensional (3D) cardiac models. In particular, the combined use of various bioengineering strategies and cellular reprogramming approaches has facilitated the development of various models. This review presents an overview of different approaches (bioprinting, scaffolding, and electrospinning) for creating bioengineered cardiac tissue models. Next, a broad survey of recent research related to the modeling of various cardiac diseases is presented. Finally, current challenges and future directions are proposed to foster further developments in the field of cardiac tissue engineering.
心血管疾病（CVD）是全球范围内死亡和残疾的主要原因。在过去几十年中，为了开发治疗方法，人们采用了几种基于二维（3D）单层培养或实验动物的传统模型系统来剖析和理解心脏病。然而，传统模型在重现人类特有的关键生理和病理特征方面存在若干局限性，这凸显了开发生理相关模型的必要性。近年来，组织工程方法已被广泛用于生成革命性的三维（3D）心脏模型。特别是，各种生物工程策略和细胞重编程方法的联合使用促进了各种模型的开发。本文综述了用于创建生物工程心脏组织模型的不同方法（生物打印、支架和电纺丝）。接下来，对近期与各种心脏病建模相关的研究进行了广泛调查。最后，提出了当前面临的挑战和未来的方向，以促进心脏组织工程领域的进一步发展。
