Developmental Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
Psychophysiology. 2019 Jan;56(1):e13281. doi: 10.1111/psyp.13281. Epub 2018 Sep 2.
A high-density EEG study was carried out to investigate cortical activity in response to forward and backward visual motion at two different driving speeds, simulated through optic flow. Participants were prelocomotor infants at the age of 4-5 months and infants with at least 3 weeks of crawling experience at the age of 8-11 months, and adults. Adults displayed shorter N2 latencies in response to forward as opposed to backward visual motion and differentiated significantly between low and high speeds, with shorter latencies for low speeds. Only infants at 8-11 months displayed similar latency differences between motion directions, and exclusively in response to low speed. The developmental differences in latency between infant groups are interpreted in terms of a combination of increased experience with self-produced locomotion and neurobiological development. Analyses of temporal spectral evolution (TSE, time-dependent amplitude changes) were also performed to investigate nonphase-locked changes at lower frequencies in underlying neuronal networks. TSE showed event-related desynchronization activity in response to visual motion for infants compared to adults. The poorer responses in infants are probably related to immaturity of the dorsal visual stream specialized in the processing of visual motion and could explain the observed problems in infants with differentiating high speeds of up to 50 km/h.
一项高密度脑电图研究旨在通过视错觉模拟的两种不同速度的正向和反向视觉运动来研究皮层活动。参与者为 4-5 个月大的前置运动婴儿、8-11 个月大的有至少 3 周爬行经验的婴儿和成人。与反向视觉运动相比，成年人在正向视觉运动中显示出较短的 N2 潜伏期，并且在低速度和高速度之间有明显的差异，低速度的潜伏期较短。只有 8-11 个月大的婴儿在运动方向之间显示出类似的潜伏期差异，并且仅对低速有反应。从增加自我产生运动的经验和神经生物学发展的综合角度解释了婴儿群体之间潜伏期的发育差异。还进行了时间频谱演化（TSE，随时间变化的振幅变化）的分析，以研究基础神经元网络中较低频率的非锁相变化。与成人相比，TSE 显示出婴儿对视觉运动的事件相关去同步化活动。婴儿的反应较差可能与专门处理视觉运动的背侧视觉流的不成熟有关，这可以解释在区分高达 50 公里/小时的高速时婴儿所观察到的问题。
