Utrecht University.
University of Utah.
Dev Psychopathol. 2019 May;31(2):741-758. doi: 10.1017/S0954579418000445. Epub 2018 Sep 3.
This study used a combination of microlevel observation data and longitudinal questionnaire data to study the relationship between differential reactivity and differential susceptibility, guided by three questions: (a) Does a subset of children exist that is both more likely to respond with increasingly negative emotions to increasingly negative emotions of mothers and with increasingly positive emotions to increasingly positive emotions of mothers ("emotional reactivity")? (b) Is emotional reactivity associated with temperament markers and rearing environment? (c) Are children who show high emotional reactivity "for better and for worse" also more susceptible to parenting predicting child behavior across a year? A total of 144 Dutch children (45.3% girls) aged four to six participated. Latent profile analyses revealed a group of average reactive children (87%) and a group that was emotionally reactive "for better and for worse" (13%). Highly reactive children scored higher on surgency and received lower levels of negative parenting. Finally, associations of negative and positive parenting with externalizing and prosocial behavior were similar (and nonsignificant) for highly reactive children and average reactive children. The findings suggest that children who are emotionally reactive "for better and for worse" within parent-child interactions are not necessarily more susceptible to parenting on a developmental time scale.
本研究采用微观观察数据和纵向问卷调查数据相结合的方法，围绕三个问题探讨了差异反应性和差异易感性之间的关系：（a）是否存在这样一部分儿童，他们既更有可能对母亲越来越消极的情绪做出越来越消极的反应，也更有可能对母亲越来越积极的情绪做出越来越积极的反应（“情绪反应性”）？（b）情绪反应性与气质标记和养育环境有关吗？（c）表现出高度情绪反应性的儿童是否“好与坏”都更容易受到父母养育方式的影响，从而预测儿童在一年内的行为？共有 144 名年龄在 4 至 6 岁的荷兰儿童（45.3%为女孩）参与了研究。潜在剖面分析显示，有一组反应性中等的儿童（87%）和一组情绪反应性“好与坏”都高的儿童（13%）。高反应性儿童的活力得分较高，负面养育水平较低。最后，对于高反应性儿童和反应性中等的儿童，消极养育和积极养育与外化和亲社会行为的关联相似（且无显著差异）。研究结果表明，在亲子互动中情绪反应性“好与坏”的儿童在发展时间尺度上不一定更容易受到养育的影响。
