AQUOS - Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (CCA, UFSC), Rodovia Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
AQUOS - Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (CCA, UFSC), Rodovia Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2018 Nov;82:565-572. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.08.061. Epub 2018 Aug 31.
This study investigated the use of silymarin, an extract obtained from the milk thistle (Silybum marianum) and its effects as a possible hepatoprotector in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Silymarin was used as feed additive to the diet at a concentration of 0.1% (1 kg per ton of dry ration) with the commercial product named Di-Heptarine S (16% silymarin phosphatide). A total of 90 juvenile tilapia with approximately 45 days old and mean weight of 0.72 ± 0.04 g were distributed in two groups, one fed with a diet with the hepatoprotector and the other without the additive. At the end of the assay (55 days after feeding), samples of blood were collected for hematological, immunological, histological (liver, spleen and intestine) and enzymatic analysis such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). After 55 days all fish were challenged with Streptococcus agalactiae serotype Ib to verify the sylimarin effects on the immunological parameters and its protection effect while challenged. During the challenge period another biological material sample was collected for hematological, immunological and histopathological analysis (liver, spleen and intestine). Before the challenge, an increase on the count of thrombocyte was found in the supplemented fish. In the liver, dilation of the sinusoids was observed in unsupplemented fish while supplemented fish the alteration was less severe. No significant alteration was found in SOD, CAT and GST between the groups. Histological changes after the challenge were provoked by bacterial toxins as a result of inflammatory processes. Periacinar degeneration was less intense in unsupplemented fish when compared to supplemented fish. On the other hand, eosinophilic and lymphocytic infiltrate did occur in unsupplemented fish differently from supplemented fish which did not show the alteration. The survival was 28% higher in silymarin supplemented fish when compared to unsupplemented fish that presented no survival. Silymarin supplementation in the diet provided a hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effect on Nile tilapia.
本研究探讨了水飞蓟素（从水飞蓟中提取的一种物质）作为一种潜在的肝保护剂在尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）中的应用。水飞蓟素作为饲料添加剂，以 0.1%的浓度添加到饲料中（每吨干饲料添加 1 公斤），使用的商业产品名为 Di-Heptarine S（16%水飞蓟素磷脂）。共有 90 条大约 45 天大、平均体重为 0.72±0.04g 的幼鱼被分为两组，一组喂食含有肝保护剂的饲料，另一组不添加添加剂。在试验结束时（喂食后 55 天），采集血液样本进行血液学、免疫学、组织学（肝脏、脾脏和肠道）和酶分析，如超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶（GST）。55 天后，所有鱼都用链球菌血清型 Ib 进行攻毒，以验证水飞蓟素对免疫参数的影响及其在攻毒时的保护作用。在攻毒期间，另一个生物材料样本被采集用于血液学、免疫学和组织病理学分析（肝脏、脾脏和肠道）。在攻毒前，补充水飞蓟素的鱼的血小板计数增加。在肝脏中，未补充水飞蓟素的鱼的窦状隙扩张，而补充水飞蓟素的鱼的变化则不那么严重。两组之间的 SOD、CAT 和 GST 没有显著差异。攻毒后的组织学变化是由细菌毒素引起的炎症过程引起的。未补充水飞蓟素的鱼的周边变性比补充水飞蓟素的鱼的变性程度要低。另一方面，嗜酸性粒细胞和淋巴细胞浸润发生在未补充水飞蓟素的鱼中，而补充水飞蓟素的鱼则没有这种变化。补充水飞蓟素的鱼的存活率比未补充水飞蓟素的鱼高 28%，后者没有存活率。在尼罗罗非鱼的饲料中添加水飞蓟素具有肝保护和免疫调节作用。
