Delft University of Technology, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands.
Delft University of Technology, Department of Cognitive Robotics, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands.
Accid Anal Prev. 2018 Nov;120:270-280. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.08.024. Epub 2018 Aug 31.
Research indicates that crashes between a cyclist and a car often occur even when the cyclist must have seen the approaching car, suggesting the importance of hazard anticipation skills. This study aimed to analyze cyclists' eye movements and crossing judgments while approaching an intersection at different speeds. Thirty-six participants watched animated video clips with a car approaching an uncontrolled four-way intersection and continuously indicated whether they would cross the intersection first. We varied (1) car approach scenario (passing, colliding, stopping), (2) traffic complexity (one or two approaching cars), and (3) cyclist's approach speed (15, 25, or 35 km/h). Results showed that participants looked at the approaching car when it was relevant to the task of crossing the intersection and posed an imminent hazard, and they directed less attention to the car after it had stopped or passed the intersection. Traffic complexity resulted in divided attention between the two cars, but participants retained most visual attention to the car that came from the right and had right of way. Effects of cycling speed on cyclists' gaze behavior and crossing judgments were small to moderate. In conclusion, cyclists' visual focus and crossing judgments are governed by situational factors (i.e., objects with priority and future collision potential), whereas cycling speed does not have substantial effects on eye movements and crossing judgments.
研究表明，即使自行车手肯定看到了驶来的汽车，自行车与汽车之间的碰撞仍时有发生，这表明了对危险预判技能的重视。本研究旨在分析自行车手在不同速度接近十字路口时的眼球运动和穿行判断。36 名参与者观看了带有汽车驶向无信号控制的四路交叉口的动画视频片段，并持续表示他们是否会首先穿过交叉口。我们改变了（1）汽车接近场景（驶过、碰撞、停车），（2）交通复杂性（一辆或两辆车接近），以及（3）自行车手接近速度（15、25 或 35 公里/小时）。结果表明，参与者在与穿行交叉口相关且存在迫在眉睫的危险时会注视驶来的汽车，并且在汽车停止或驶过交叉口后，他们对汽车的注意力会减少。交通复杂性导致参与者对两辆车的注意力分散，但他们仍然将大部分视觉注意力集中在来自右侧且有先行权的汽车上。骑行速度对自行车手的注视行为和穿行判断的影响较小到中等。总之，自行车手的视觉焦点和穿行判断取决于情境因素（即具有优先级和未来碰撞可能性的物体），而骑行速度对眼球运动和穿行判断没有实质性影响。
