Rogé Joceline, Ndiaye Daniel, Aillerie Isabelle, Aillerie Stéphane, Navarro Jordan, Vienne Fabrice
Laboratoire Ergonomie et Sciences Cognitives pour les Transports, Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux, 25 avenue François Mitterrand, 69675 Bron, France; Univ Lyon, IFSTTAR, TS2, LESCOT, F-69675, Lyon, France.
Université Paris-Est, COSYS, LEPSIS, IFSTTAR, F-77447 Marne-la-Vallée, France.
Accid Anal Prev. 2017 Jul;104:88-95. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2017.04.006. Epub 2017 May 7.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the visibility of cyclists for motorists in a simulated car driving task.
In several cases involving collisions between cars and cyclists, car drivers failed to detect the latter in time to avoid collision because of their low conspicuity.
2 groups of motorists (29.2 years old), including 12 cyclist-motorists and 13 non-cyclist-motorists, performed a vulnerable road user detection task in a car-driving simulator. They had to detect cyclists and pedestrians in an urban setting and evaluate the realism of the cyclists, the traffic, the city, the infrastructure, the car driven and the situations. Cyclists appeared in critical situations derived from previous accounts given by injured cyclists and from cyclists' observations in real-life situations. Cyclist's levels of visibility for car drivers were either high or low in these situations according to the cyclists.
Realism scores were similar and high in both groups. Cyclist-motorists had fewer collisions with cyclists and detected cyclists at a greater distance in all situations, irrespective of cyclist visibility. Several mechanisms underlying the cognitive conspicuity of cyclists for car drivers were considered.
The attentional selection of a cyclist in the road environment during car driving depends on top-down processing.
We consider the practical implications of these results for the safety of vulnerable road users and future directions of research.
本研究旨在评估在模拟汽车驾驶任务中骑车人对于驾车者的可见性。
在几起汽车与骑车人碰撞的案例中，由于骑车人的醒目度较低，汽车驾驶员未能及时发现骑车人以避免碰撞。
两组驾车者（平均年龄29.2岁），包括12名曾有骑车经历的驾车者和13名没有骑车经历的驾车者，在汽车驾驶模拟器中执行弱势道路使用者检测任务。他们需要在城市环境中检测骑车人和行人，并评估骑车人、交通、城市、基础设施、所驾驶的汽车以及各种场景的逼真程度。骑车人出现在由受伤骑车人之前描述的以及在现实生活场景中骑车人的观察结果所衍生出的危急情况下。根据骑车人的情况，在这些场景中骑车人对于汽车驾驶员的可见度水平有高有低。
两组的逼真度得分相似且都很高。有骑车经历的驾车者与骑车人的碰撞较少，并且在所有情况下都能在更远的距离发现骑车人，无论骑车人的可见度如何。研究考虑了骑车人对于汽车驾驶员的认知醒目性背后的几种机制。
在汽车驾驶过程中，道路环境中对骑车人的注意力选择取决于自上而下的加工过程。
我们考虑了这些结果对于弱势道路使用者安全的实际意义以及未来的研究方向。
