von Schalburg Kristian R, Rondeau Eric B, Leong Jong S, Davidson William S, Koop Ben F
Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
Department of Biology, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 3N5, Canada.
BMC Res Notes. 2018 Sep 3;11(1):639. doi: 10.1186/s13104-018-3749-z.
Various stages of mRNA processing are necessary for functionally important genes required during late-stage sperm differentiation. Protein-RNA complexes form that edit, stabilize, store, deliver, localize and regulate translation of sperm mRNAs. These regulatory processes are often directed by recognition sequence elements and the particular composition of the proteins associated with the mRNAs. Previous work has shown that the cAMP response element modulator (CREM), estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) and forkhead box L2A (FOXL2A) proteins are present in late-stage salmon sperm. Here we investigate whether these and other regulatory proteins might control processing of mRNAs not expressed until the haploid stage of development. We also examine regulatory processes that prepare and present mRNAs that generate unique products essential for differentiating sperm (i.e. for flagellar assembly and function).
We provide evidence for potential sperm-specific recognition elements in 5'-untranslated regions (utrs) that may bind CREM, ERα, FOXL2A, Y-box and other proteins. We show that changes within the 5'-utrs and open reading frames of some sperm genes lead to distinct protein termini that may provide specific interfaces necessary for localization and function within the paternal gamete.
精子后期分化过程中所需的功能重要基因，其mRNA加工的各个阶段必不可少。蛋白质-RNA复合物形成后，对精子mRNA进行编辑、稳定、储存、运输、定位及翻译调控。这些调控过程通常由识别序列元件以及与mRNA相关的蛋白质的特定组成所引导。先前的研究表明，环磷酸腺苷反应元件调节剂（CREM）、雌激素受体α（ERα）和叉头框L2A（FOXL2A）蛋白存在于后期鲑鱼精子中。在此，我们研究这些及其他调控蛋白是否可能控制直到发育单倍体阶段才表达的mRNA的加工过程。我们还研究了为生成对精子分化至关重要的独特产物（即鞭毛组装和功能）而准备和呈现mRNA的调控过程。
我们提供了证据，表明5'-非翻译区（UTR）中可能存在潜在的精子特异性识别元件，这些元件可能结合CREM、ERα、FOXL2A、Y盒及其他蛋白质。我们发现，一些精子基因的5'-UTR及开放阅读框内的变化会导致不同的蛋白质末端，这些末端可能为雄配子内的定位和功能提供特定的界面。
