Department of Psychology, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Trends Ecol Evol. 2018 Oct;33(10):777-789. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2018.07.007. Epub 2018 Aug 31.
The nutrient exchange mutualism between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs) and their host plants qualifies as a biological market, but several complications have hindered its appropriate use. First, fungal 'trading agents' are hard to identify because AMFs are potentially heterokaryotic, that is, they may contain large numbers of polymorphic nuclei. This means it is difficult to define and study a fungal 'individual' acting as an independent agent with a specific trading strategy. Second, because nutrient exchanges occur via communal structures (arbuscules), this temporarily reduces outbidding competition and transaction costs and hence resembles exchanges among divisions of firms, rather than traditional trade on markets. We discuss how fungal nuclei may coordinate their trading strategies, but nevertheless retain some independence, similar to human co-operatives (co-ops).
丛枝菌根真菌 (AMF) 与其宿主植物之间的养分交换互惠关系可被视为一种生物市场，但有几个复杂因素妨碍了其适当应用。首先，真菌的“交易代理”很难识别，因为 AMF 可能是潜在的异核体，也就是说，它们可能包含大量的多态核。这意味着很难定义和研究作为具有特定交易策略的独立代理的真菌“个体”。其次，由于养分交换是通过共有的结构（丛枝）进行的，这暂时减少了竞价竞争和交易成本，因此类似于企业部门之间的交换，而不是传统市场上的交易。我们讨论了真菌核如何协调其交易策略，但仍保留一定的独立性，类似于人类合作社（合作社）。
