University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.
Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.
J Surg Educ. 2018 Nov;75(6):e68-e71. doi: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2018.07.021. Epub 2018 Sep 1.
This study aimed to evaluate the proportion and characteristics of women who serve in general surgery program director (PD) and associate program director (APD) positions in the United States.
General surgery programs (n = 276) and directors were identified using the Association for Program Directors in Surgery website; information was cross-referenced with American Medical Association FREIDA and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education databases, current to July 1, 2017. Each program's website was accessed to determine the gender and academic ranking of faculty.
Results reveal a preponderance of men in PD and APD positions. Women accounted for 18.4% (n = 51) of the 276 PD positions, with more women in APD positions (29.6%). There was no correlation between gender of PD and the corresponding APD, (χ2 = 0.68, p = 0.41; Phi coefficient = -0.0695). Of those with academic appointments, men who were PDs were more likely to be full professors when compared to women PDs (38.5% vs 24.1%, respectively). The median number of days since appointment to PD was similar in both groups (1461 days for men vs 1377 for women, p = 0.18), although more men have held PD positions longer. Programs with a higher proportion of women faculty were more likely to have a woman PD (p = 0.0397), but not those with more women residents (p = 0.225) or a woman Department Chair (p = 0.56).
Among general surgery program directorship, men continue to hold more positions of educational leadership, although the trend appears to be shifting toward a more equal balance, particularly in those programs with proportionately more women faculty. This discrepancy may be due to academic rank or length of tenure. As more women hold academic positions in the field of general surgery, an increase in the representation of this group in leadership is anticipated. Although senior leadership (PD) positions remain disproportionately held by men, APD positions are filled by a greater percentage of women than academic surgical faculty, although the absolute percentage remains less than 50%. Educational leadership may be a viable path to academic leadership for both women and men.
本研究旨在评估美国普通外科项目主任（PD）和副主任（APD）职位中女性的比例和特征。
使用外科项目主任协会网站确定普通外科项目（n=276）和主任；信息与美国医学协会 FREIDA 和研究生医学教育认证委员会数据库交叉核对，截至 2017 年 7 月 1 日。访问每个项目的网站以确定教师的性别和学术排名。
研究结果显示，PD 和 APD 职位中男性居多。女性占 276 个 PD 职位的 18.4%（n=51），APD 职位中女性比例更高（29.6%）。PD 的性别与相应的 APD 之间没有相关性（χ2=0.68，p=0.41；Phi 系数=-0.0695）。在有学术任命的人中，与女性 PD 相比，男性 PD 更有可能是正教授（分别为 38.5%和 24.1%）。两组 PD 任命后的中位天数相似（男性为 1461 天，女性为 1377 天，p=0.18），尽管更多的男性担任 PD 职位的时间更长。女性教员比例较高的项目更有可能有女性 PD（p=0.0397），但女性居民比例较高的项目（p=0.225）或女性系主任的项目（p=0.56）并非如此。
在普通外科项目管理中，男性继续担任更多的教育领导职位，尽管这一趋势似乎正在向更平等的平衡转变，特别是在女性教员比例较高的项目中。这种差异可能是由于学术排名或任期长短。随着更多的女性在普通外科领域担任学术职务，预计这一群体在领导层中的代表性将会增加。虽然高级领导（PD）职位仍然由男性占据不成比例的比例，但 APD 职位由更多的女性担任，而不是学术外科教员，尽管绝对比例仍低于 50%。教育领导可能是女性和男性获得学术领导的可行途径。
