专业的住院医师和项目主管的性别分布。

Resident and program director gender distribution by specialty.

机构信息

Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.

出版信息

J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2011 Dec;20(12):1867-70. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2011.2906. Epub 2011 Oct 21.

DOI:10.1089/jwh.2011.2906

PMID:22017355

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Although enrollment of women in U.S. medical schools has increased, women remain less likely to achieve senior academic rank, lead academic departments, or be appointed to national leadership positions. The purpose of this paper is to compare the gender distribution of residency program directors (PDs) with residents and faculty in the 10 largest specialties.

METHODS

The gender distribution of residents training in the 10 specialties with the largest enrollment was obtained from the annual education issue of Journal of the American Medical Association. The gender distribution of the residents was compared with the gender distribution of PDs and medical school faculty. The number of programs and the names of the PDs were identified by accessing the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education web site. Gender was confirmed through electronic search of state medical board data, program web sites, or by using internet search engines. The gender distribution of medical school faculty was determined using the Association of American Medical Colleges faculty roster database (accessed June 15, 2011). The correlation between female residents and PDs was assessed using Pearson's product-moment correlation. The gender distribution of female PDs appointed June 1, 2006, through June 1, 2010, was compared with the distribution appointed before June 1, 2006, using chi square analysis.

RESULTS

Specialties with higher percentages of female PDs had a higher percentage of female residents enrolled (r=0.81, p=0.005). The number of female PDs appointed from July 1, 2006, through June 30, 2010, was greater than the number appointed before July 1, 2006, in emergency medicine (p<0.001), family medicine (p=0.02), and for all PDs (p=0.005). Female PDs were fewer than expected based on the gender distribution of medical school faculty in 7 of the 10 specialties.

CONCLUSIONS

Women remain underrepresented in PD appointments relative to the proportion of female medical school faculty and female residents. Mechanisms to address gender-based barriers to advancement should be considered.

摘要

背景

尽管美国医学院的女性入学人数有所增加，但女性获得高级学术职称、领导学术部门或被任命担任国家领导职务的可能性仍然较低。本文旨在比较 10 个最大专业的住院医师项目主任（PD）与住院医师和教师的性别分布。

方法

从《美国医学会杂志》的年度教育问题中获得了 10 个招生最多的专业的住院医师的性别分布。将住院医师的性别分布与 PD 和医学院教师的性别分布进行比较。通过访问研究生医学教育认证委员会网站，确定了计划数量和 PD 姓名。通过电子搜索州医学委员会数据、计划网站或使用互联网搜索引擎来确认性别。使用美国医师学院协会教员名单数据库（2011 年 6 月 15 日访问）确定医学院教师的性别分布。使用 Pearson 积矩相关评估女性住院医师和 PD 之间的相关性。使用卡方分析比较 2006 年 6 月 1 日至 2010 年 6 月 1 日任命的女性 PD 与 2006 年 6 月 1 日之前任命的女性 PD 的分布情况。

结果

女性 PD 比例较高的专业，女性住院医师入学率也较高（r=0.81，p=0.005）。2006 年 7 月 1 日至 2010 年 6 月 30 日期间任命的女性 PD 人数多于 2006 年 7 月 1 日之前任命的人数，分别为急诊医学（p<0.001）、家庭医学（p=0.02）和所有 PD（p=0.005）。在 10 个专业中的 7 个专业中，女性 PD 的数量低于根据医学院教师的性别分布预期的数量。