University of California, Santa Cruz, Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Long Marine Laboratory, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
Migratory Bird Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA.
Nat Ecol Evol. 2018 Oct;2(10):1571-1578. doi: 10.1038/s41559-018-0646-8. Epub 2018 Sep 3.
During their migrations, marine predators experience varying levels of protection and face many threats as they travel through multiple countries' jurisdictions and across ocean basins. Some populations are declining rapidly. Contributing to such declines is a failure of some international agreements to ensure effective cooperation by the stakeholders responsible for managing species throughout their ranges, including in the high seas, a global commons. Here we use biologging data from marine predators to provide quantitative measures with great potential to inform local, national and international management efforts in the Pacific Ocean. We synthesized a large tracking data set to show how the movements and migratory phenology of 1,648 individuals representing 14 species-from leatherback turtles to white sharks-relate to the geopolitical boundaries of the Pacific Ocean throughout species' annual cycles. Cumulatively, these species visited 86% of Pacific Ocean countries and some spent three-quarters of their annual cycles in the high seas. With our results, we offer answers to questions posed when designing international strategies for managing migratory species.
在迁徙过程中，海洋捕食者经历着不同程度的保护，同时面临着许多威胁，因为它们要穿越多个国家的管辖范围和大洋盆地。一些种群正在迅速减少。导致这种减少的原因是，一些国际协议未能确保负责管理物种在其整个分布范围内的利益相关者（包括公海这一全球共同区域）进行有效的合作。在这里，我们利用海洋捕食者的生物标记数据，提供具有很大潜力的定量措施，为太平洋地区的地方、国家和国际管理工作提供信息。我们综合了一个大型的追踪数据集，以展示 14 种个体（从棱皮龟到大白鲨）的运动和迁徙物候学如何与太平洋的地缘政治边界相关联，贯穿物种的年度周期。总的来说，这些物种访问了 86%的太平洋国家，有些物种在公海度过了其年度周期的四分之三。通过我们的研究结果，我们为制定管理洄游物种的国际战略时提出的问题提供了答案。
