VanderBroek-Stice Lauren, Stojek Monika K, Beach Steven R H, vanDellen Michelle R, MacKillop James
Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, United States.
Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, United States; Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, United States.
Appetite. 2017 May 1;112:59-68. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.01.009. Epub 2017 Jan 10.
Based on similarities between overconsumption of food and addictive drugs, there is increasing interest in "food addiction," a compulsive eating pattern defined using symptoms parallel to substance use disorders. Impulsivity, a multidimensional construct robustly linked to drug addiction, has been increasingly examined as an obesity determinant, but with mixed findings. This study sought to clarify relations between three major domains of impulsivity (i.e., impulsive personality traits, discounting of delayed rewards, and behavioral inhibition) in both obesity and food addiction. Based on the association between impulsivity and compulsive drug use, the general hypothesis was that the impulsivity-food addiction relation would be stronger than and responsible for the impulsivity-obesity relation. Using a cross-sectional dimensional design, participants (N = 181; 32% obese) completed a biometric assessment, the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scales, a Go/NoGo task, and measures of monetary delay discounting. Results revealed significantly higher prevalence of food addiction among obese participants and stronger zero-order associations between impulsivity indices and YFAS compared to obesity. Two aspects of impulsivity were independently significantly associated with food addiction: (a) a composite of Positive and Negative Urgency, reflecting proneness to act impulsively during intense mood states, and (b) steep discounting of delayed rewards. Furthermore, the results supported food addiction as a mediator connecting both urgency and delay discounting with obesity. These findings provide further evidence linking impulsivity to food addiction and obesity, and suggest that food addiction may be a candidate etiological pathway to obesity for individuals exhibiting elevations in these domains.
基于食物过度消费与成瘾性药物之间的相似性，人们对“食物成瘾”的兴趣日益浓厚，“食物成瘾”是一种强迫性饮食模式，其定义所使用的症状与物质使用障碍相似。冲动性是一个与药物成瘾密切相关的多维度概念，越来越多地被作为肥胖的一个决定因素进行研究，但结果不一。本研究旨在阐明肥胖和食物成瘾中冲动性的三个主要领域（即冲动性人格特质、延迟奖励折扣和行为抑制）之间的关系。基于冲动性与强迫性药物使用之间的关联，一般假设是冲动性与食物成瘾的关系将比冲动性与肥胖的关系更强且是其原因。采用横断面维度设计，参与者（N = 181；32%为肥胖者）完成了生物特征评估、耶鲁食物成瘾量表（YFAS）、UPPS-P冲动行为量表、一项Go/NoGo任务以及货币延迟折扣测量。结果显示，肥胖参与者中食物成瘾的患病率显著更高，与肥胖相比，冲动性指标与YFAS之间的零阶关联更强。冲动性的两个方面与食物成瘾独立显著相关：（a）积极和消极紧迫感的综合得分，反映在强烈情绪状态下冲动行事的倾向，以及（b）对延迟奖励的大幅折扣。此外，结果支持食物成瘾作为连接紧迫感和延迟折扣与肥胖的中介。这些发现为冲动性与食物成瘾和肥胖之间的联系提供了进一步的证据，并表明食物成瘾可能是这些领域表现出升高的个体患肥胖症的一个候选病因途径。
