Shangguan Rong, Che Yuanyuan
School of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
Front Psychol. 2018 Aug 22;9:1541. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01541. eCollection 2018.
To investigate the differences in cognitive processing of perceptual anticipation of tennis players at different levels before batting by the event-related potential (ERP) technique, we used the skilled-expert paradigm. We compared the cognitive and neural mechanisms of professional tennis athletes and second-grade athletes relating to their perceptual anticipation of the batting line at different time points [the time point of the ball landing (T0), and the 80 ms before batting time point (T1)]. The results showed that, regardless of the T0 or T1 time point, professional tennis athletes had shorter anticipation times and higher correct batting line rates than second-grade athletes. The ERP results demonstrated that compared with second-grade athletes, professional tennis athletes induced smaller N1 amplitudes and larger P2 amplitudes in early perceptual anticipation, and induced smaller N2 and larger P3 amplitudes in late perceptual anticipation. These studies suggest that, regardless of whether they are in an early or late stage, tennis professional athletes are faster and more accurate in respect of their perceptual anticipation of tennis lines than second-grade athletes are. This is possible since the relevant neural network of the former is more easily activated and faster. The prefrontal cortex may be a critical area of the brain for perceptual anticipation in tennis.
为了运用事件相关电位（ERP）技术研究不同水平网球运动员在击球前对知觉预期的认知加工差异，我们采用了熟练-专家范式。我们比较了职业网球运动员和二级运动员在不同时间点（球落地时间点（T0）以及击球前80毫秒时间点（T1））对击球线路的知觉预期的认知和神经机制。结果表明，无论在T0还是T1时间点，职业网球运动员的预期时间都比二级运动员短，击球线路正确率更高。ERP结果显示，与二级运动员相比，职业网球运动员在早期知觉预期中诱发的N1波幅较小，P2波幅较大，在晚期知觉预期中诱发的N2波幅较小，P3波幅较大。这些研究表明，无论处于早期还是晚期，网球职业运动员在对网球线路的知觉预期方面都比二级运动员更快、更准确。这可能是因为前者的相关神经网络更容易被激活且速度更快。前额叶皮层可能是网球知觉预期的关键脑区。
