Gałązka Anna, Grządziel Jarosław, Gałązka Rafał, Ukalska-Jaruga Aleksandra, Strzelecka Joanna, Smreczak Bożena
Department of Agriculture Microbiology, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland.
Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Protection, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland.
Front Microbiol. 2018 Aug 22;9:1923. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01923. eCollection 2018.
Soil contamination with petroleum, especially in the area of oil wells, is a serious environmental problem. Restoring soil subjected to long-term pollution to its original state is very difficult. Under such conditions, unique bacterial communities develop in the soil that are adapted to the contaminated conditions. Analysis of the structure and function of these microorganisms can be a source of valuable information with regard to bioremediation. The aim of this study was to evaluate structural and functional diversity of the bacterial communities in soils with long-term impacts from petroleum. Samples were taken from the three oldest oil wells at the Crude Oil Mine site in Węglówka, Poland; the oldest was established in 1888. They were collected at 2 distances: (1) within a radius of 0.5 m from the oil wells, representing soil strongly contaminated with petroleum; and (2) 3 m from the oil wells as the controls. The samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing and the community level physiological profiling (CLPP) method in order to better understand both the genetic and functional structure of soil collected from under oil wells. Significant differences were found in the soil samples with regard to bacterial communities. The soils taken within 0.5 m of the oil wells were characterized by the highest biodiversity indexes. , , were strongly correlated with biological activity in these soils. Families of were also dominant, including: , and The study showed that the long term contamination of soil changes bacterial communities and their metabolic activity. Even so, natural bioremediation leads to the formation of specific groups of bacteria that actively grow at the site of contamination in the soil.
土壤受到石油污染，尤其是在油井区域，是一个严重的环境问题。将长期受污染的土壤恢复到原始状态非常困难。在这种情况下，土壤中会形成适应污染环境的独特细菌群落。分析这些微生物的结构和功能可以为生物修复提供有价值的信息。本研究的目的是评估长期受石油影响的土壤中细菌群落的结构和功能多样性。样本取自波兰韦格沃卡原油矿场最古老的三口油井；最古老的油井建于1888年。样本在两个距离处采集：（1）距油井半径0.5米范围内，代表受石油严重污染的土壤；（2）距油井3米处作为对照。通过16S rRNA测序和群落水平生理谱分析（CLPP）方法对样本进行分析，以便更好地了解从油井下方采集的土壤的遗传和功能结构。在土壤样本的细菌群落方面发现了显著差异。距油井0.5米内采集的土壤具有最高的生物多样性指数。 、 、 与这些土壤中的生物活性密切相关。 的科也占主导地位，包括： 、 和 。研究表明，土壤的长期污染会改变细菌群落及其代谢活性。即便如此，自然生物修复会导致特定细菌群体的形成，这些细菌在土壤污染部位积极生长。
