Salam Lateef B, Apollos Ebi-Erefa, Obayori Oluwafemi S, Michael Gift Ihotu
Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology Unit, Elizade University, Ondo State, Ilara-Mokin, Nigeria.
Department of Microbiology, Lagos State University, Lagos, Ojo, Nigeria.
Folia Microbiol (Praha). 2024 Dec 2. doi: 10.1007/s12223-024-01227-3.
The physicochemistry, metabolic properties, and microbial community structure of a tropical estuary persistently inundated with anthropogenic pollutants were elucidated using diverse analytical tools and a shotgun metagenomics approach. The physicochemistry of the Awoye estuary surface water (AEW) and sediment (AES) revealed higher values in the sediment for most of the parameters analyzed, while aside from copper and zinc, the concentrations of the detected heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb, Fe, As, Ni, Hg, Mn, Se) in the water and sediment were higher than the acceptable thresholds. Hydrocarbon content analysis revealed increasingly high concentrations of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HMW PAHs) in the sediment. Structurally, the predominant taxa in the AEW metagenome are Proteobacteria (50.35%), Alphaproteobacteria (43.31%), Brevundimonas (49.96%), and Leptolyngbya boryana (14.93%), while in the sediment (AES) metagenome, Proteobacteria (53.03%), Gammaproteobacteria (28.66%), Azospirillum (6.51%), and Acidihalobacter prosperus (7.56%) were preponderant. Statistical analysis of the two microbiomes (AEW, AES) revealed significant statistical differences (P < 0.05) at all the hierarchical levels. Functional characterization of the two metagenomes revealed extensive adaptations of the sediment microbiome to various environmental stressors as evident in the high numbers of putative genes involved in the degradation of diverse classes of aromatic hydrocarbons, efflux, detoxification, and transport of heavy metals, and metabolism of organic/inorganic nutrients. Findings from this study revealed that the estuary sediment is the sink for most of the anthropogenic pollutants and harbors the more adapted microbiome that could serve as a potential bioresource for the bioremediation of the perturbed estuary.
利用多种分析工具和鸟枪法宏基因组学方法，阐明了一个持续受到人为污染物淹没的热带河口的物理化学性质、代谢特性和微生物群落结构。阿沃耶河口地表水（AEW）和沉积物（AES）的物理化学性质表明，在分析的大多数参数中，沉积物中的值较高，而除铜和锌外，水和沉积物中检测到的重金属（镉、铬、铅、铁、砷、镍、汞、锰、硒）浓度高于可接受阈值。烃含量分析显示沉积物中高分子量多环芳烃（HMW PAHs）的浓度越来越高。在结构上，AEW宏基因组中的主要分类群是变形菌门（50.35%）、α-变形菌纲（43.31%）、短波单胞菌属（49.96%）和博氏鞘丝藻（14.93%），而在沉积物（AES）宏基因组中，变形菌门（53.03%）、γ-变形菌纲（28.66%）、固氮螺菌属（6.51%）和繁荣嗜酸嗜盐菌（7.56%）占优势。对这两个微生物群落（AEW、AES）的统计分析表明，在所有层次水平上都存在显著的统计学差异（P < 0.05）。两个宏基因组的功能表征表明，沉积物微生物群落对各种环境压力源有广泛的适应性，这在参与多种芳烃降解、重金属外排、解毒和运输以及有机/无机养分代谢的大量假定基因中很明显。这项研究的结果表明，河口沉积物是大多数人为污染物的汇，并且拥有更适应环境的微生物群落，这些微生物群落可作为受干扰河口生物修复的潜在生物资源。
