Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Ann Nutr Metab. 2018;73 Suppl 1:15-18. doi: 10.1159/000490088. Epub 2018 Sep 7.
Globally, obesity is considered an epidemic due to an increase in its prevalence and severity especially among young children and adolescents. This nutritional disorder is not limited to affluent countries as it is becoming increasingly prevalent in developing countries. Obesity is associated not only with cardiovascular, endocrine, gastrointestinal, orthopedic, and respiratory diseases, but also with psychological complications, implying a problem of far-reaching consequences for health and health services. Recently, evidence-based studies have shown that the duration of exclusive breastfeeding and the type of complementary feeds during the weaning period of an infant may have an effect on overnutrition later on in life. Thus, stemming the tide of obesity early on in life would potentially decrease the prevalence and complications of adult obesity, which could have significant implications for health care and the economy at large. This review explores the role of complementary feeding in obesity and approaches to prevention and treatment of childhood obesity by summarizing key systematic reviews. In conclusion, we found that although the relationship between complementary feeding and childhood obesity has been suspected for a long time, specific risk parameters are not as firmly established. Early introduction of complementary feeds (before the 4th month of life), high protein and energy content of feeds, and nonadherence to feeding guidelines may be associated with overweight and obesity later in life.
在全球范围内，肥胖症被认为是一种流行疾病，因为其患病率和严重程度都在增加，尤其是在幼儿和青少年中。这种营养失调不仅限于富裕国家，因为它在发展中国家也越来越普遍。肥胖不仅与心血管、内分泌、胃肠道、骨科和呼吸系统疾病有关，还与心理并发症有关，这意味着肥胖对健康和卫生服务的影响深远。最近，基于证据的研究表明，婴儿母乳喂养的持续时间和断奶期补充食品的类型可能对以后的营养过剩有影响。因此，尽早遏制生命早期的肥胖浪潮，可能会降低成年肥胖的患病率和并发症，这对整个医疗保健和经济都有重大影响。这篇综述通过总结关键的系统评价，探讨了补充喂养在肥胖中的作用以及预防和治疗儿童肥胖的方法。总之，我们发现，尽管补充喂养与儿童肥胖之间的关系已经被怀疑了很长时间，但具体的风险参数并没有得到如此确凿的证实。早期引入补充食品（在生命的第 4 个月之前）、高蛋白质和高能量含量的食品以及不遵守喂养指南可能与以后的超重和肥胖有关。
