Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Am J Surg. 2018 Oct;216(4):800-804. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2018.07.058. Epub 2018 Sep 3.
Physicians experience burnout and mental illness at significantly higher rates than the general population, with sequelae that negatively affect providers, patients, and the healthcare system at large. Gender is rarely considered in characterizing the problem or vetting interventions.
Using data from a recent national survey and a longitudinal pilot study of general surgery residents, we examined gender variation in burnout and distress.
In the national survey, male residents had higher depersonalization and female residents had higher alcohol misuse, with a significant association between alcohol misuse, high depersonalization and low anxiety not seen in males. In the longitudinal pilot study, males' burnout scores were higher and had a greater contribution from depersonalization. Both males and females had increasing prevalence of high depersonalization over the intern year.
Residency affects males and females differently in ways that merit further investigation and better understanding to effectively address burnout and distress.
医生的 burnout（职业枯竭）和精神疾病的发病率明显高于普通人群，其后果会对医务人员、患者和整个医疗体系产生负面影响。在描述问题或评估干预措施时，很少考虑到性别因素。
我们利用最近的一项全国性调查和一项普通外科住院医师的纵向试点研究的数据，研究了 burnout（职业枯竭）和困扰在性别上的差异。
在全国性调查中，男性住院医师的去人格化程度更高，而女性住院医师的酒精滥用程度更高，而且女性中酒精滥用、高度去人格化和低度焦虑之间存在显著关联，而男性中则没有这种关联。在纵向试点研究中，男性的 burnout（职业枯竭）评分更高，而且去人格化的影响更大。在住院医师培训的第一年，男性和女性的高度去人格化的患病率都在增加。
住院医师培训以需要进一步调查和更好理解的方式，对男性和女性产生不同的影响，以有效地解决 burnout（职业枯竭）和困扰问题。
