Department of Psychology.
Department of Psychology, University of Hildesheim.
Psychol Aging. 2018 Sep;33(6):965-974. doi: 10.1037/pag0000281.
Whereas it is well established that having a sense of control over one's life circumstances facilitates positive aging-related outcomes across adulthood and old age, far less is known about what factors contribute to perceived control and whether these factors differ across the adult life span. We used longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (N = 7,624, M age at 2006 = 67.50 years, range 50-104, 59% women) to examine whether level of, and time-related change in, episodic memory, depressive symptoms, and health (functional limitations, self-rated health) predict levels of 2 distinct components of perceived control: constraints and mastery. We found that lower levels of memory, more depressive symptoms, and less positive self-rated health were each associated with higher levels of constraints. Increases in depressive symptoms and functional limitations were also associated with higher levels of constraints, whereas stability in memory was related to lower levels of constraints. Conversely, lower levels of, and declines in, depressive symptoms and functional limitations as well as higher self-rated health were associated with self-reported higher levels of mastery. We found some evidence to suggest that these effects differ across the adult life span. Our findings show that, across adulthood and old age, constraints and mastery are shaped by level of, and time-related changes in, key domains of functioning. These findings provide impetus for future research to target mechanisms and moderators of such associations. (PsycINFO Database Record
虽然人们已经普遍认识到，对生活环境的控制感有助于促进成年期和老年期积极的与衰老相关的结果，但对于什么因素有助于产生感知控制感以及这些因素是否在成年期存在差异，人们知之甚少。我们使用健康与退休研究（N=7624，2006 年时的平均年龄为 67.50 岁，范围为 50-104，女性占 59%）的纵向数据，来检验情景记忆、抑郁症状和健康（功能限制、自我报告的健康状况）的水平和时间变化是否可以预测感知控制的 2 个不同成分：约束感和掌控感。我们发现，较低的记忆力、较多的抑郁症状和较差的自我报告的健康状况与较高的约束感有关。抑郁症状和功能限制的增加也与较高的约束感有关，而记忆力的稳定与较低的约束感有关。相反，抑郁症状和功能限制的减少或降低，以及自我报告的健康状况的提高，与自我报告的更高水平的掌控感有关。我们发现有一些证据表明，这些影响在成年期存在差异。我们的研究结果表明，在成年期和老年期，约束感和掌控感是由关键功能领域的水平和时间变化所塑造的。这些发现为未来的研究提供了动力，以确定这些关联的机制和调节因素。
