Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 690-756, Republic of Korea.
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 690-756, Republic of Korea.
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2018 Sep 10;18(1):249. doi: 10.1186/s12906-018-2314-6.
Among the different kinds of pollution, air pollution continues to increase globally. East Asia is considered to be significantly affected. As a result, the populations in these regions face serious health issues including respiratory disorders. This study investigated the impact of fine dust (FD) particles (CRM No. 28) on macrophage cells as a model for alveolar lung cells.
The research focused on inflammation and oxidative stress induced by FD and Sargassum horneri (Turner) C. Agardh ethanol extract (SHE) as a potential treatment. S. horneri is a type of brown algae that has demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects against RAW 264.7 macrophages in previous studies. MTT, Griess, ELISA, western blotting, and mRNA expression analyses using PCR techniques were used in this study.
The optimum FD concentration was determined to be 125 μg mL. FD particles stimulated inflammatory mediators production (iNOS, COX-2, and PGE) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), leading to NO production. These mediators were dose-dependently downregulated by treatment with SHE. IL-6 and TNF-α were identified as biomarkers for FD. SHE treatment induced HO-1 and Nrf2 activity in a dose-dependent manner under FD stimulation. This confirmed the cytoprotective effect against oxidative stress induced via FD. Furthermore, treatment of the cells with a p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB202190) induced FD-stimulated NO production.
The results suggest that SHE increases macrophage cellular resistance to FD-induced inflammation and oxidative stress, probably via the p38 MAPK pathway and Nrf2/HO-1 expression.
在各种污染中，空气污染在全球范围内持续增加。东亚被认为受到了显著影响。因此，这些地区的人群面临着严重的健康问题，包括呼吸道疾病。本研究以肺泡肺细胞模型，探讨了细颗粒物（FD）颗粒（CRM No.28）对巨噬细胞的影响。
该研究集中于 FD 和羊栖菜（Turner）C. Agardh 乙醇提取物（SHE）诱导的炎症和氧化应激及其潜在治疗作用。羊栖菜是一种褐藻，先前的研究表明其对 RAW 264.7 巨噬细胞具有抗炎作用。本研究采用 MTT、Griess、ELISA、Western blot 和 PCR 技术进行了 mRNA 表达分析。
确定了最佳 FD 浓度为 125μg/mL。FD 颗粒刺激了炎症介质（iNOS、COX-2 和 PGE）和促炎细胞因子（IL-1β、IL-6 和 TNF-α）的产生，导致 NO 的产生。SHE 处理以剂量依赖性方式下调了这些介质的表达。IL-6 和 TNF-α 被确定为 FD 的生物标志物。在 FD 刺激下，SHE 处理以剂量依赖性方式诱导 HO-1 和 Nrf2 活性。这证实了 SHE 对 FD 诱导的氧化应激具有细胞保护作用。此外，用 p38 MAPK 抑制剂（SB202190）处理细胞可诱导 FD 刺激的 NO 产生。
结果表明，SHE 通过 p38 MAPK 途径和 Nrf2/HO-1 表达增加了巨噬细胞对 FD 诱导的炎症和氧化应激的抵抗力。
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