Nebraska Center for Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, USA.
Viruses. 2018 Sep 10;10(9):484. doi: 10.3390/v10090484.
Plant viruses use cellular factors and resources to replicate and move. Plants respond to viral infection by several mechanisms, including innate immunity, autophagy, and gene silencing, that viruses must evade or suppress. Thus, the establishment of infection is genetically determined by the availability of host factors necessary for virus replication and movement and by the balance between plant defense and viral suppression of defense responses. Host factors may have antiviral or proviral activities. Proviral factors condition susceptibility to viruses by participating in processes essential to the virus. Here, we review current advances in the identification and characterization of host factors that condition susceptibility to plant viruses. Host factors with proviral activity have been identified for all parts of the virus infection cycle: viral RNA translation, viral replication complex formation, accumulation or activity of virus replication proteins, virus movement, and virion assembly. These factors could be targets of gene editing to engineer resistance to plant viruses.
植物病毒利用细胞因子和资源进行复制和移动。植物通过几种机制对病毒感染做出反应，包括先天免疫、自噬和基因沉默，病毒必须逃避或抑制这些机制。因此，感染的建立在遗传上取决于宿主因子的可用性，这些因子对于病毒的复制和运动是必需的，并且取决于植物防御和病毒抑制防御反应之间的平衡。宿主因子可能具有抗病毒或促病毒活性。促病毒因子通过参与对病毒至关重要的过程来调节对病毒的易感性。在这里，我们综述了鉴定和表征调节植物病毒易感性的宿主因子的最新进展。在病毒感染周期的所有阶段都鉴定到了具有促病毒活性的宿主因子：病毒 RNA 翻译、病毒复制复合物形成、病毒复制蛋白的积累或活性、病毒运动和病毒粒子组装。这些因子可以作为基因编辑的靶点，用于工程植物抗病毒。
