Galaviz Karla I, Narayan K M Venkat, Lobelo Felipe, Weber Mary Beth
Emory Global Diabetes Research Center, Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (KIG, MBW).
Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (KMVN).
Am J Lifestyle Med. 2015 Nov 24;12(1):4-20. doi: 10.1177/1559827615619159. eCollection 2018 Jan-Feb.
Diabetes is a costly disease affecting 387 million individuals globally and 28 million in the United States. Its precursor, prediabetes, affects 316 and 86 million individuals globally and in the United States, respectively. People living with elevated blood glucose levels are at high risk for all-cause mortality and numerous cardiometabolic ailments. Fortunately, diabetes can be prevented or delayed by maintaining a healthy lifestyle and a healthy body weight. In this review, we summarize the literature around lifestyle diabetes prevention programs and provide recommendations for introducing prevention strategies in clinical practice. Overall, evidence supports the efficacy and effectiveness of lifestyle diabetes prevention interventions across clinical and community settings, delivery formats (eg, individual-, group-, or technology-based), and implementers (eg, clinicians, community members). Evidence-based diabetes prevention strategies that can be implemented in clinical practice include brief behavior change counseling, group-based education, community referrals, and health information technologies. These strategies represent opportunities where practitioners, communities, and health care systems can work together to provide individuals with education, support and opportunities to maintain healthy, diabetes-free lifestyles.
糖尿病是一种代价高昂的疾病,全球有3.87亿人受其影响,美国有2800万人患病。其前期阶段,即糖尿病前期,在全球和美国分别影响3.16亿人和8600万人。血糖水平升高的人全因死亡率和多种心血管代谢疾病的风险很高。幸运的是,通过保持健康的生活方式和健康的体重,可以预防或延缓糖尿病。在本综述中,我们总结了有关生活方式糖尿病预防项目的文献,并为在临床实践中引入预防策略提供建议。总体而言,证据支持生活方式糖尿病预防干预措施在临床和社区环境、提供形式(如个体、小组或基于技术的)以及实施者(如临床医生、社区成员)方面的有效性。可在临床实践中实施的循证糖尿病预防策略包括简短的行为改变咨询、小组教育、社区转诊和健康信息技术。这些策略为从业者、社区和医疗保健系统提供了合作机会,以便为个人提供教育、支持和机会,使其维持健康、无糖尿病的生活方式。