Cillóniz Catia, Ielpo Antonella, Torres Antoni
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Institut Clinic del Tórax, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona (UB) - SGR 911- Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), C/ Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Disease, and Lung Function Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2018 Sep 10;20(11):46. doi: 10.1007/s11908-018-0652-7.
This article reviews the most recent publications on community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in the HIV-infected population on antiretroviral therapy (ART), focusing on epidemiology, prognostic factors, etiology, and antimicrobial therapy. The data discussed here were mainly obtained from a non-systematic review using Medline and references from relevant articles.
CAP remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected patients and incurs high health costs despite the introduction of ART. HIV-infected patients are generally known to be more susceptible to bacterial pneumonia. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequently reported pathogen in HIV-infected patients on ART, who present a higher rate of bacteremia than non-HIV-infected patients. Several studies have also examined microbial etiology and prognostic factors of CAP in HIV-infected patients on ART. Despite the high rate of bacterial pneumonia in these patients, mortality rates are not higher than in patients without HIV infection.
本文回顾了关于接受抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART）的HIV感染人群中社区获得性肺炎（CAP）的最新出版物，重点关注流行病学、预后因素、病因和抗菌治疗。此处讨论的数据主要来自使用Medline进行的非系统综述以及相关文章的参考文献。
尽管引入了ART，但CAP仍然是HIV感染患者发病和死亡的主要原因，且医疗成本高昂。众所周知，HIV感染患者更容易患细菌性肺炎。肺炎链球菌是接受ART的HIV感染患者中最常报告的病原体，与未感染HIV的患者相比，这些患者的菌血症发生率更高。多项研究还探讨了接受ART的HIV感染患者中CAP的微生物病因和预后因素。尽管这些患者细菌性肺炎的发生率很高，但其死亡率并不高于未感染HIV的患者。
