Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
J Adolesc. 2018 Dec;69:11-21. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.08.007. Epub 2018 Sep 11.
Externalizing disorders are more prevalent in rural than urban settings and account for disproportionately high mental health service costs for rural adolescents. Although cultural stressors such as discrimination have been associated with externalizing problems in ethnic minority youth broadly, this relationship is understudied in Latinos, particularly those in rural settings. Further, though the associations of family processes such as familism and family conflict have been studied in relation to youth externalizing symptoms, whether these processes change in the face of adolescent discrimination stress remains unknown.
A moderated multiple mediation model was used to examine the association between perceived discrimination, externalizing symptoms, and the indirect effect of family factors (familism, and family conflict) in a large sample (n = 455) of rural Latino youth. We also evaluated whether indirect and direct effects of discrimination on externalizing symptoms differed in boys versus girls.
Familism and family conflict each independently mediated the relationship between discrimination related stress and externalizing symptoms. However, discrimination had a direct effect on externalizing symptoms for boys only. In girls, this association held only when family factors were accounted for. Post-hoc analyses reveal that the moderating effect of sex on discrimination is driven by differences in rule-breaking behavior, as opposed to aggressive behavior.
Findings suggest that discrimination is associated with changes in the family environment which in turn invoke elevated risk for externalizing problems. Further, family-focused interventions that address externalizing problems may be especially effective for adolescent girls.
与城市相比，农村地区的外化障碍更为普遍，农村青少年的精神健康服务费用过高，这主要是由文化压力源（如歧视）造成的。尽管种族少数青年普遍存在文化压力源（如歧视）与外化问题有关，但在拉丁裔青年中，这方面的研究还很不足，尤其是在农村地区。此外，尽管家庭过程（如家庭主义和家庭冲突）与青少年外化症状有关，但这些过程是否会因青少年歧视压力而发生变化仍不得而知。
采用调节多重中介模型，检验了农村拉丁裔青年大样本（n=455）中感知歧视、外化症状与家庭因素（家庭主义和家庭冲突）之间的关系，我们还评估了歧视对外化症状的间接和直接影响在男孩和女孩之间是否存在差异。
家庭主义和家庭冲突各自独立地调节了歧视相关压力与外化症状之间的关系。然而，歧视对男孩的外化症状只有直接影响。在女孩中，只有在考虑到家庭因素时，这种关联才成立。事后分析表明，性别对歧视的调节作用是由违反规则行为的差异驱动的，而不是攻击行为的差异。
研究结果表明，歧视与家庭环境的变化有关，而家庭环境的变化又会引发外化问题的风险增加。此外，以家庭为中心的干预措施可能对有外化问题的少女特别有效。
