Violence Research Centre, Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, Sidgwick Avenue, Cambridge CB3 9DA, UK.
Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK.
Psychiatry Res. 2018 Nov;269:585-592. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.120. Epub 2018 Aug 31.
Both anxiety and aggression commonly co-occur with ADHD symptoms. Two competing hypotheses describing the role of anxiety in aggression associated with ADHD symptoms have previously been advanced. The exacerbation hypothesis proposes that the presence of anxiety increases the risk of aggression in the context of ADHD symptoms. The attenuation hypothesis proposes that the presence of anxiety protects against aggression in the context of ADHD symptoms. We tested these hypotheses using moderated cross-lagged panel models in the Zurich project on social development from childhood to adulthood (z-proso) sample using both self-report (3 waves) and informant-report (8 waves) data spanning ages 7-17. We found evidence that anxiety protects against both reactive and proactive aggression; however, the effect was direct: there was no evidence for anxiety moderating the strength of ADHD symptom-aggression links. Results suggest that anxiety likely plays an important role in inhibiting aggression but does not interact with ADHD symptoms in the manner predicted by either the exacerbation or attenuation hypothesis.
焦虑和攻击行为通常同时存在于 ADHD 症状中。先前已经提出了两种描述焦虑在与 ADHD 症状相关的攻击行为中作用的竞争性假设。恶化假设提出，焦虑的存在会增加 ADHD 症状背景下攻击行为的风险。减弱假设提出，焦虑的存在可以防止 ADHD 症状背景下的攻击行为。我们使用苏黎世从儿童到成年期社会发展项目（z-proso）样本中的调节交叉滞后面板模型，使用自我报告（3 个波次）和知情者报告（8 个波次）数据，跨越了 7-17 岁的年龄范围，对这些假设进行了测试。我们发现焦虑可以预防反应性和主动性攻击行为；但是，这种影响是直接的：没有证据表明焦虑会调节 ADHD 症状与攻击行为之间的关联强度。研究结果表明，焦虑可能在抑制攻击行为方面起着重要作用，但不会以恶化或减弱假设所预测的方式与 ADHD 症状相互作用。
