Roberts Angela, Post Danielle
Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2018 Sep 19;61(9):2259-2274. doi: 10.1044/2018_JSLHR-L-17-0338.
This study compared the information content and information efficiency of spoken language in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) to a healthy comparator group.
Nineteen participants with PD and 19 healthy older adults completed the prospective, cross-sectional study. In the primary analysis, 2 language samples elicited by standardized protocols were analyzed for group differences using standard discourse informativeness measures including main events (MEs; Wright, Capilouto, Wagovich, Cranfill, & Davis, 2005) analyzed as %MEs and correct information units (CIUs; Nicholas & Brookshire, 1993) analyzed as %CIUs and CIUs/min. In exploratory analyses, the following were examined: (a) associations among conceptual (%MEs) and lexical (%CIUs and CIUs/min) measures and (b) associations among informativeness measures and age, education, disease severity/duration, global cognition, speech intelligibility, and a verb confrontation naming measure.
In the primary analysis, the PD group differed significantly from the control group on conceptual (%MEs) and lexical measures of content (%CIUs) and efficiency (CIUs/min). In exploratory analyses, for the control group %MEs were significantly correlated with CIUs/min. Significant associations among conceptual and lexical measures of informativeness were not found in the PD group. For controls, there were no significant correlations between informativeness measures and any of the demographic or speech/cognitive/language variables. In the PD group, there was a significant and positive association between CIUs/min and Dementia Rating Scale-Second Edition scores (Mattis, 2001). A significant but negative correlation was found between CIUs/min and motor severity scores. However, %MEs and verb naming were significantly and positively correlated.
Individuals with PD without dementia demonstrated reduced discourse informativeness that reflects disruptions to both conceptual and lexical discourse processes. In exploratory analyses, reduced efficiency of information content was associated with global cognition and motor severity. Clinical and research implications are discussed within a Cognitivist framework of discourse production (Sheratt, 2007).
本研究比较了帕金森病（PD）患者与健康对照组口语的信息含量和信息效率。
19名PD患者和19名健康老年人完成了这项前瞻性横断面研究。在主要分析中，使用标准话语信息量测量方法，对标准化方案引出的2个语言样本进行组间差异分析，包括主要事件（MEs；Wright、Capilouto、Wagovich、Cranfill和Davis，2005），以%MEs形式分析，以及正确信息单元（CIUs；Nicholas和Brookshire，1993），以%CIUs和CIUs/分钟形式分析。在探索性分析中，考察了以下内容：（a）概念性（%MEs）和词汇性（%CIUs和CIUs/分钟）测量之间的关联，以及（b）信息量测量与年龄、教育程度、疾病严重程度/病程、整体认知、言语可懂度和动词对答命名测量之间的关联。
在主要分析中，PD组在内容的概念性（%MEs）和词汇性测量（%CIUs）以及效率（CIUs/分钟）方面与对照组有显著差异。在探索性分析中，对于对照组，%MEs与CIUs/分钟显著相关。在PD组中未发现概念性和词汇性信息量测量之间的显著关联。对于对照组，信息量测量与任何人口统计学或言语/认知/语言变量之间均无显著相关性。在PD组中，CIUs/分钟与痴呆评定量表第二版得分（Mattis，2001）之间存在显著正相关。CIUs/分钟与运动严重程度得分之间存在显著但负相关。然而，%MEs与动词命名之间存在显著正相关。
无痴呆的PD患者表现出话语信息量减少，这反映了概念性和词汇性话语过程均受到干扰。在探索性分析中，信息内容效率降低与整体认知和运动严重程度相关。在话语产生的认知主义框架内（Sheratt，2007）讨论了临床和研究意义。
